wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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49-10 Industrial Communication Systems IEEE 802.11g uses OFDM, operates in a 2.4.GHz range, and offers data rates up to 54.Mbps. IEEE 802.11e enhances the quality of the service parameters. IEEE 802.11h supports dynamic frequency selection; transmits power control, spectrum, and power management. IEEE 802i uses an advanced encryption standard to enhance security. IEEE 802k focuses on radio resource management. 802.11n operates in 5.GHz ranges, offers data rates up to 100.Mbps, and focuses on multimedia applications [9]. The high-performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) is a European counterpart of IEEE 802.11 defined by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). HIPERLAN/1 operates in a 5.15 and a 17.1.GHz range and offers data rates up to 23.5.Mbps. HIPERLAN/2, intended for short-range communication, operates in a 5.GHz range, offers data rates up to 54.Mbps, and focuses on wireless multimedia services. HIPERACCESS, intended to be the-last-mile, offers data rates up to 25.Mbps [10]. HomeRF is a short-range communication technology intended to be used in small areas like houses or small buildings. It uses FHSS, operates in a 2.4.GHz range, and offers data rates up to 10.Mbps [11]. Infrared (irDA) is a point-to-point, ultra low power, data transmission standard designed to operate over a distance of 1.m (the distance can be increased with a higher power) [12]. It can achieve data rates up to 16.Mbps. Being cheaper and of low power, irDA is widely used. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) offers a good combination of low power consumption (∼1.mW/Mbps) and a high data throughput (up to 480.Mbps). WiMedia UWB is an internationally recognized standard (ECMA-368, ISO/IEC 26970, and ECMA-369, ISO/IEC 26908). Unlike irDA, UWB allows for data rates up to 480.Mbps at ranges of several meters and a data rate of approximately 110.Mbps at a range of up to 10.m [13]. The certified wireless USB is a short-range communication technology that offers data rates up to 480.Mbps for up to a 2.m range, and 110.Mbps for up to a 10.m range. It uses the same radio as the WiMedia Alliance [14]. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used for tracking purposes. There are over 140 different ISO standards for a variety of applications. It operates in low-frequency, high-frequency, and ultrahighfrequency ranges. Near-field-communication is based on RFID technology that offers a data rate of 212.kbps over an extremely short distance of up to 20.cm [15]. The ZigBee standard is a short-range wireless communication standard for PANs. It offers date rates up to 250 kbits at 2.4.GHz, 40.kpbs at 915.MHz, and 20.kpbs at 868.MHz with a range of 10–100.m. ZigBee uses IEEE 802.15.4 as physical and medium-access control layers. The upper layers, as well as ZigBee security architecture, is defined by the ZigBee standard [16]. WiBree is an evolved Bluetooth standard used for connecting ultralow power consumption devices (button cell batteries). It was initiated by Nokia in 2001 and was ultimately adapted by Bluetooth SIG as the Bluetooth low-energy standard in 2008. The key benefit is that it provides people with new features, like sports and entertainment. It operates in a 2.4.GHz ISM band with a 1.Mbps physical-link data rate. The example devices can be wrist watches, toys etc. [17]. 49.6 Future of the Bluetooth Technology: Challenges Although Bluetooth technology has already established a well-known standard in personal communication systems, when user demands and requirements become ubiquitous and mobile in nature, it needs more robust, secure, and data-intensive technologies to support them. Bluetooth SIG has proposed a future specification that is expected to offer the same set of services and data rate. It is intended that Bluetooth channels will work in the push information model instead of in the pull information model, as it will enable users to use any shared information points at various places, e.g., while buying some items and appliances. The topology management of the piconet and the scatternet should be dynamic and seamless. The user should not be bothered to make such configurations and changes. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Bluetooth 49-11 An alternative MAC and PHY medium is to be used while working in high-performance networks, for example, while transferring bulky data. The system should be compatible and adaptable enough to work with any MAC or PHY in order to achieve high performance in PANs. Another future enhancement will be improvement in the quality of service, especially regarding audio and video data transfer at high speed with high, quality measures. It is also intended that Bluetooth will use more adaptable protocols in order to work in dynamic environments to meet the challenges of active and configurable systems. The future Bluetooth Radio 2.0 will offer up to a 480.Mbps data rate. References 1. Bluetooth Special Interest Group, URL from January 2009: http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/SIG/. 2. Prabhu, C.S.R., Prathap A.R., Bluetooth Technology and Its Applications with JAVA and J2ME, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006. 3. Bakker, D., McMichael, D., Gilster, R., Bluetooth End to End, Wiley, New York, 2002. 4. Gratton, D.A., Bluetooth Profiles, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle, NJ, 2003. 5. Huang, A.S., Rudolph, L., Bluetooth Essentials for Programmers, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007. 6. Labiod, H., Afifi, H., De Santis, C., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and WiMax, Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 2007. 7. Morrow, R., Bluetooth: Operation and Use, McGraw-Hill Professional, New York, 2002. 8. Bluetooth Profiles, Bluetooth Special Interest Group, URL from January 2009: http://bluetooth.com/ Bluetooth/Technology/Works/Profiles_Overview.htm. 9. IEEE 802.11 Standard, http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/802.11.html 10. HIPERLAN Specification, http://portal.etsi.org/bran/Summary.asp 11. IEEE HomeRf Tutorial IEEE 802.11-98/54, http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/pub/1999/ Mar99/90547S_WPAN-HomeRF-Tutorial.ppt 12. IrDA Specifications and technical notes, http://www.irda.org/displaycommon.cfm?an= 1&subarticlenbr=7 13. ECMA Standard- 368, http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-368.htm 14. WiMedia Alliance, http://www.wimedia.org/en/resources/index.asp?id=res 15. RFID in U.S. Libraries, NISO RP-6-2008, http://www.niso.org/publications/rp/RP-6-2008.pdf 16. ZigBee Specification Download, http://www.zigbee.org/ZigBeeSpecificationDownloadRequest/ tabid/311/Default.aspx 17. WIBREE FORUM MERGES WITH BLUETOOTH SIG, http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/ Press/SIG/NOKIAS_LOW_POWER_WIBREE_BROUGHT_INTO_BLUETOOTH_SIG.htm © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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Media 2-13 G 1 Maximum intensity Av
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Media 2-15 As an example, the three
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Media 2-17 TABLE 2.3 Overview of Di
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-3 me
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-5
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-7 Fi
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-9 in
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-11 R
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-13 1
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-15 [
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-3 t
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-5 S
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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Clock Synchronization in Distribute
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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Network-Based Control 20-5 message
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Network-Based Control 20-7 20.5.1 D
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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Functional Safety 21-11 TABLE 21.6
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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23 Secure Communication Using Chaos
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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Process Automation 25-5 • An equi
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Process Automation 25-7 Recipe mana
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Process Automation 25-9 challenging
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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Industrial Multimedia 27-9 is neces
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Industrial Multimedia 27-11 with pr
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Industrial Multimedia 27-13 [WIF01]
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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Industrial Wireless Communications
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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30 Communications in Medical Applic
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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Technologies III-3 53 WirelessHART,
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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Controller Area Network 31-3 TABLE
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Controller Area Network 31-5 • Bi
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Controller Area Network 31-7 I/O Ap
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Controller Area Network 31-11 nth E
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Controller Area Network 31-13 TABLE
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Controller Area Network 31-15 11. G
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-3 TABLE 32.3 Transmissi
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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Profibus 32-7 in Figure 32.3. He si
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Profibus 32-9 32.5 Cyclic Data Exch
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Profibus 32-11 Buscycle T DP T DX G
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Profibus 32-13 [IEC84-3] IEC 61784-
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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INTERBUS 33-5 interface shutdown. T
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INTERBUS 33-9 4.5 4 3.5 PL = 1 byte
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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WorldFip 34-3 Data producer Data co
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WorldFip 34-7 Write service Read se
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WorldFip 34-9 t r (20 µs) ID_DAT(2
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-3 Four devic
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-5 Many desig
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-7 35.9 Insta
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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Modbus 36-3 The devices acting as M
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Modbus 36-5 Request APDU Response A
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-3 37.2.2 Wha
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Industrial Ethernet 37-5 Advantage:
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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Industrial Ethernet 37-9 Tcnet [21]
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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PROFINET 40-3 A plant unit contains
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PROFINET 40-5 switches or a line to
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PROFINET 40-7 For data exchange wit
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PROFINET 40-9 31.25 μs ≤ Tsend_c
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PROFINET 40-11 40.4 Engineering and
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PROFINET 40-13 40.4.5 redundancy Th
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PROFINET 40-15 Acronyms AR CR DCP D
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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LIN-Bus 45-3 System design tool Clu
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LIN-Bus 45-5 Reverse battery protec
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LIN-Bus 45-7 times, followed by a s
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LIN-Bus 45-13 effective, and there
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Page 652 and 653: 47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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Page 690 and 691: 50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OCARI
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-5 F
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-7 F
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-9 I
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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Transmission Control Protocol—TCP
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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