wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OCARI 53-11 Application layer Application framework 4 - 20 mA R S232 I / O A N AL O G MDO + energy Public interface Management Device object APSDE- SAP APSDE- SAP APSDE- SAP APSDE- SAP Application support (APS) layer APSDE- SAP APSME- SAP NDE-SAP NwCARI Unicast routing according to EOLSR table Unconstrained user traffic Broadcast routing according to MPRs SERENA Control traffic EOLSR ESPN- SAP NME- SAP Energy service provider MDE-SAP MME-SAP MaCARIME- SAP ESPM- SAP Constrained user traffic Tree relaying MaCARI Network creation Association control Address allocation PDE-SAP Physical (PHY) layer 2.4 GHz radio PME-SAP High layers OCARI layers Application profiles High layers interface OCARI interface APSDE-SAP: APSME-SAP: NDE-SAP: NME-SAP: ESPN-SAP: ESPM-SAP: MME-SAP: MaCARIME-SAP: MDE-SAP: PME-SAP: PDE-SAP: APS data entity–service access point APS management entity–service access point NwCARI data entity–service access point NwCARI management entity–service access point Energy service provider NwCARI–service access point Energy service provider MaCARI–service access point MaCARI management entity between NwCARI and MaCARI–service access point MaCARI management entity between MDO and MaCARI–service access point MaCARI data entity–service access point Physical layer management entity–service access point Physical layer data entity–service access point FIGURE 53.10 OCARI stack architecture. 53.4.2 MAC Layer MaCARI [CGM08,LVV08] is the MAC layer specified in OCARI. It supports both time-constrained communication and slotted CSMA/CA communication as depicted by Figure 53.11. The design of MaCARI is based on a cross-layering approach. It proposes a tree-based strategy of packets relaying with deterministic activities schedule to reduce possible collision. In MaCARI, the PAN coordinator schedules the cells activity and fixes the beacons broadcasting sequence. The beacon © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
53-12 Industrial Communication Systems S Y N C T 0 Scheduled activities period (constrained by a hierarchical tree) Deterministic MAC period T 1 T 2 T 3 Global cycle Unscheduled activities period (slotted CSMA/CA) Optimized network lifetime energy-aware OLSR FIGURE 53.11 MaCARI concept. is repeated in cascade through the tree and contains all synchronization information. Every node synchronizes on T 1 and knows the next T 0 . Within the unscheduled activities period, MaCARI gives the control to the network layer that takes care of routing packets using EOLSR, an Energy-aware OLSR protocol (RFC 3626), which is described in [MM081]. MaCARI also deals with network initialization such as address allocation and IEEE 802.15.4 PAN association control. The detailed description of MaCARI is out of scope here. 53.4.3 Network Layer and Topologies OCARI topologies are specified as follows (Figure 53.12): OCARI End Device is a “radio fixed” network node (i.e., its position varies very little comparing to its initial location, so that its radio link is always managed by the same cell coordinator). It is a reduce function device (RFD) as defined in IEEE 802.15.4 specification. OCARI cell and workshop coordinators are FFDs as specified in IEEE 802.15.4. They are fixed devices in the infrastructure and are equivalent to ZigBee coordinator. The functions of cell coordinator consist of coordinating the intra-cell network nodes using a star topology and routing data packets from end device network nodes (e.g., sensors) to the workshop coordinator per workshop domain. Workshop domain is a permissive volume (delimited by a threshold of the RSSI) to electromagnetic wave that is covered by a unique workshop coordinator network node. Workshop coordinator is a gateway between the wireless sensors network resided in a workshop domain and the industrial facility backbone. OCARI network layer is based on a cross-layering approach. It manages packet routing for unscheduled activities period according to EOLSR proactive protocol (refer to [MM081] for a detailed description). It also offers a Scheduling RoutEr Node Activity (SERENA) strategy, which uses a three-hops neighbors decentralized coloring algorithm to schedule the router activities, so that energy consumption can be reduced, and the bandwidth efficiency is improved by avoiding the interferences between routers (a timeslot is assigned to a node according to its color and there is a spatial reuse of color code). The principle of SERENA is as follows [MM082]. A router node is woken up in the timeslots where • It transmits • One of its one-hop neighbors transmits • It sleeps otherwise © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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