wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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46-8 Industrial Communication Systems Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 res res Toggle bit Fail-safe values (FV) to be activated Use F_WD_Time_2 (Redundancy) Reset Vconsnr_d Operator acknowledge requested iParameter assignment deblocked – – FIGURE 46.12 Toggle_h Toggle_FV Use_TO2 R_cons_nr OA_Req iPar_EN Control byte sent to device/module. Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 res Vconsnr_d has been reset Toggle Bit Fail-safe values (FV) activated Communication fault: WD_Timeout Communication fault: CRC Failure exists in F-Device or F-Module F-Device has new iParameter values assigned – cons_nr_R Toggle_d FV_Activated WD_Timeout CE_CRC Device_Fault iPar_OK FIGURE 46.13 Status byte returned from device/module. The consecutive number is used in an acknowledgment mechanism for monitoring the propagation times between sender and receiver. The value “0” is reserved for the first run and for a communication error reaction. The V2-mode uses 24 bit counters for consecutive numbering, counting in a cyclic mode from 1…0.× FFFFFF and wrapping over back to 1 at the end. Using the consecutive number, a receiver can see whether or not it received the messages completely and within the correct sequence. When it returns a message with the consecutive number as an acknowledgment to the sender, the sender will be assured of the same. In V2-mode, the 24 bit consecutive number is not actually transmitted in the safety data. A toggle bit is implemented as an “increment counter command/counter incremented response” handshake between the controller and the device, as shown in Figure 46.14. The consecutive number is not actually transmitted in the safety data but, after being incremented, is used in calculating the CRC2 as shown in Figure 46.15. Thus, reception of safety data with an appropriate toggle bit state and a valid CRC2 indicates the message is in the proper sequence. 0 1 2 3 4 5 F-Host consecutive no. (Vconsnr_h) Toggle_h (from F-Host) Toggle_d (from F-Device) F-Device consecutive no. (Vconsnr_d) 0 1 2 3 4 FIGURE 46.14 Toggle bit functionality. (Adapted from Stripf, W. and Barthel, H., Comprehensive safety with PROFIBUS DP and PROFINET IO—Training for “PROFIsafe certified designers.”) © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Profisafe 46-9 Synchronization Via “toggle” bit F-input data Status byte CRC2 Maximum 12/123 Octets 1 Octet Across F_Parameter, F-Input data, Status byte, Voncsnr_h 3/4 Octets Toggle_h (Bit 5 of Control byte) R_cons_nr (Bit 5 of Control byte) Increment 1 Reset Vconsnr_d (F-Device) Consecutive number (not transmitted) Status byte, 0,1 ... 0 × FFFFFF 3/4 Octets Change Toggle_d 0 1 or 1 0 when incremented Include Vconsnr_d in CRC2 calculation 24 bit consecutive no. CRC signature 3 Octets for ≤ 12 Octets input data 4 Octets for > 12 Octets input data FIGURE 46.15 F-Device (virtual) consecutive number. (Adapted from Stripf, W. and Barthel, H., Comprehensive safety with PROFIBUS DP and PROFINET IO—Training for “PROFIsafe certified designers.”) 46.2.6 time-Out with Receipt In safety technology, it not only matters that a message transfers the correct process signals or values. Additionally, the updated actual values must arrive within a fault tolerance time. Recognition of a timeout enables the respective F-Device to automatically initiate any necessary safety reactions, for example, stopping a motor. For monitoring the time, the F-Devices use a watchdog timer that is restarted whenever new Profisafe messages with incremented consecutive numbers are received. 46.2.7 Code Name for Sender/Receiver The 1:1 relationship between the F-Host and a F-Device facilitates the detection of misdirected message frames, e.g., an inserted or masquerading message. The sender and receiver must have an identification scheme (code name) that is unique in the network that can be used for verifying the authenticity of a Profisafe message. Profisafe uses an “F-Address” as a code name. CRC1 is constructed from this code name, the assigned SIL, and the watchdog time as shown in Figure 46.16. 46.2.8 Data Consistency Check Once the F-Parameters (code name, SIL, watchdog time) have been transferred to the F-Device, these identical parameters are utilized in identical calculations in both the F-Host and in the F-Device/ F-Module for producing a 2-octet CRC1. This CRC1 signature provides the initial value for CRC2. Subsequently, this CRC1, the F I/O data, the status or control byte, and the corresponding consecutive number (host or device) are used for producing another CRC2 signature within the F-Host as shown in Figure 46.17. In the F-Device, the identical CRC signature is generated and the signatures are compared. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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Media 2-13 G 1 Maximum intensity Av
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Media 2-15 As an example, the three
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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Network-Based Control 20-5 message
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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Industrial Multimedia 27-9 is neces
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Industrial Multimedia 27-11 with pr
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Industrial Multimedia 27-13 [WIF01]
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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Industrial Wireless Communications
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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30 Communications in Medical Applic
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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Technologies III-3 53 WirelessHART,
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-3 TABLE 32.3 Transmissi
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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Profibus 32-7 in Figure 32.3. He si
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Profibus 32-11 Buscycle T DP T DX G
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Profibus 32-13 [IEC84-3] IEC 61784-
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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INTERBUS 33-5 interface shutdown. T
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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WorldFip 34-3 Data producer Data co
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-3 Four devic
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-7 35.9 Insta
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-3 37.2.2 Wha
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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PROFINET 40-3 A plant unit contains
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PROFINET 40-7 For data exchange wit
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Page 690 and 691: 50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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ZigBee 50-7 Coordinator Router End
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51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor
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6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor Net
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-5 F
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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Transmission Control Protocol—TCP
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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