wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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57-4 Industrial Communication Systems OPC-UA client Client application Requests to send service requests Delivery of received service responses Requests to send publishing requests Delivery of received notifications OPC UA client API OPC-UA stack Req Msg Rsp Msg Publ Msg Notif Msg To OPC-UA server From OPC-UA server To OPC-UA server From OPC-UA server FIGURE 57.5 UA client architecture. 57.2.1 UA Client Application Architecture To write an OPC UA client application, one typically needs to use the OPC UA client application programming interface (API), which exposes standard services that should be used to send and receive OPC UA service requests and responses to the OPC UA server, as shown in Figure 57.5. The API isolates the client application code from an OPC UA communication stack that may be chosen between different flavors: UA Binary over TCP and SOAP XML/Text over HTTP. The OPC UA communication stack converts OPC UA Client API calls into messages and sends them through the underlying communications entity to the server at the request of the client application. The OPC UA communication stack also receives responses and notification messages from the underlying communications entity and delivers them to the client application through the OPC UA Client API, as shown in Figure 57.5. 57.2.2 UA Server Architecture The realization of an UA server application requires more efforts. One has to implement the UA AddressSpace, as defined in Part 3 of the UA specifications. UA AddressSpace is used to represent real objects, their definitions and their references to each other. Real objects are physical (i.e., physical devices) or software objects (e.g., alarm counters) that are accessible by the OPC UA server application or that it maintains internally (e.g., internal data objects). The UA AddressSpace is modeled as a set of Nodes accessible by UA client applications using OPC UA services (interfaces and methods). A View is a subset of the AddressSpace. Views are used to restrict the Nodes that the server makes visible to the client, thus restricting the size of the AddressSpace for the service requests submitted by the client. The default View is the entire AddressSpace. Servers may optionally define other Views. Views hide some of the Nodes or References in the AddressSpace. Views are visible via the AddressSpace and clients are able to browse Views to determine their structure. Views are often hierarchies, which are easier for clients to navigate and represent in a tree. UA server application uses the OPC UA Server API to send and receive OPC UA Messages from OPC UA client applications. The OPC UA Server API isolates the server application code from an OPC UA communication stack, as shown in Figure 57.6. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
OPC UA 57-5 OPC UA server Server application OPC UA AddressSpace Real objects Monitored item Node View Node Node Node Node Subscription OPC UA Server API OPC UA stack Rsp Msg Req Msg Notif Msg Publ Msg To OPC UA client From OPC UA client To OPC UA client From OPC UA client FIGURE 57.6 UA server architecture. To finish the implementation, one has to realize publisher/subscriber entities, which offer a communication mechanism for informing a data change or an event/alarm occurrence that is modeled by MonitoredItems. MonitoredItems are entities in the server created by the client that monitors AddressSpace Nodes and their real-world counterparts. When they detect a change or an alarm occurrence, they generate a Notification that is transferred to the client by a Subscription. A Subscription is an endpoint in the server that publishes Notifications to clients. Clients control the rate at which publishing occurs by sending Publish Messages. 57.3 Overview of UA AddressSpace AddressSpace is an important concept in OPC UA. It provides a standard way for UA servers to represent objects to UA clients. The OPC UA object model (Figure 57.7) defines objects in terms of Variables and Methods. It also allows relationships to other objects to be expressed, as shown in Figure 57.7. The elements of this model are represented in the AddressSpace as Nodes. Each Node is assigned to a NodeClass and each NodeClass represents a different element of the object model. The Node Model that is used to define a NodeClass is illustrated by Figure 57.8: Attributes are data elements that describe Nodes. Clients can access Attribute values using Read, Write, Query, and Subscription/MonitoredItem services. These services are detailed in Part 4 of the UA specifications. Attributes are elementary components of NodeClasses. Each Attribute definition consists of an attribute id1, a name, a description, a data type, and a mandatory/optional indicator. The set of Attributes defined for each NodeClass shall not be extended by UA clients or servers. When a Node is instantiated in the AddressSpace, the values of the NodeClass Attributes are provided. The mandatory/optional indicator for the Attribute indicates whether the Attribute has to be instantiated. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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