wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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15-6 Industrial Communication Systems The proxy functionality enables the representation of the field device (FD) application data in context of the object model used in the VAN domain. This mechanism also allows all relevant devices’ data of a certain physical device without VAN capabilities to be represented as a VAN-VD. This device is visible within the VAN domain, although it has not been connected to the VAN directly. It can be seen that the VAN-AD and the VAN-PD offer an integration path to combine different communication technologies in a given automation application, thus to handle the heterogeneity of participating communication networks. 15.2.3 VAN System Architecture The properties of a VAN can be represented by a block scheme (Figure 15.5). Blocks are logical components offering specific VAN functionality. Single devices do not offer all possible properties, since they are context specific. Thus, only the necessary blocks have to be allocated to a VAN device, depending on the device type and communication profile. To classify the block functions, one can distinguish • Used standards (communication technologies, Internet protocol suite, adopted safety, security, and time synchronization standards) • VAN-specific functions; the configuration of these functions is stored in application service elements (ASEs) Since the object-oriented ASEs contain the data for the VAN functionality, they are crucial components of the VAN system architecture. All attributes of an ASE can be accessed via Web services by uniformly defined Get and Set services. The access rights are defined in the access control list (ACL). VAN system management app. proc. VAN security AP 1-n VAN PnP AP Param. Config. Web application Web server VAN runtime object dispatcher VAN autom. app. proc. 1-n Runtime object model VAN safety app. proc. Safety layer Runtime object model VAN routing IP address mapping Routing Address mapping Runtime object model VAN proxy app. proc. VD object mode VAN device- and network management VAN MIB VAN runtime object tunnel Native Tunnel VAN common communication Application service elements (ASEs) Internet protocolsuite Web services over virtual automation networks Access control list (ACL) VAN heterogeneous network technologies adaptation layer VAN network technology layer Security Time sync. To access points, automation- or proxy devices (AP, AD, PD) Technology standards VAN specific services communication VAN communication stack PROFIBUS INTERBUS AS-Interface, ZigBee....... To Virtual Devices (VD) FIGURE 15.5 VAN system architecture (AP, application process; MIB, management information base). (From Specification of the Open Platform for Automation Infrastructure, Deliverable D02.2-2: VAN Open Platform API- Specification, European Integrated Project VAN FP6/2004/IST/NMP/2-016969 VAN Virtual Automation Networks, 2006. With permission.) © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Virtual Automation Networks 15-7 Important functionalities are, e.g., the runtime tunnel establishment and maintenance, security (including ACL), device and network management, VAN name-based addressing routing, and VAN (provider) switching. 15.3 Name-Based Addressing and Routing, Runtime Tunnel Establishment To exchange distributed application data objects (runtime objects), two phases of the connection establishment have to be considered [NPM08]: The establishment of a runtime tunnel, i.e., to organize the VAN infrastructure, comparable with laying a wired line between the applications processes (e.g., automation application process handling the automation objects to be exchanged). For this, Web services are used. This runtime tunnel is capable of offering the necessary quality of service (QoS) (e.g., availability, real-time capabilities, or security level). The establishment of the application layer connection between the application objects itself (e.g., PROFINET application objects [IEC61158] to be exchanged) using the established runtime tunnel. That connection establishment follows the rules of the protocols that are used to realize the distributed application (e.g., PROFINET ASE definitions and protocols), and is, therefore, not in the scope of VAN (instead within the scope of e.g., PROFINET). In the following, the important aspects for establishing a runtime tunnel will be described. A VAN domain usually consists of several subdomains that are interconnected via public or private WANs. Within a subdomain also, further subdomain structures can be realized. Figure 15.6 depicts a typical VAN scenario [SOPSA07,WM08]: two subdomains, containing VAN-ADs and VAN-PDs, connected via a WAN. The subdomains are parts of industrial automation networks. In a demilitarized zone (DMZ) of the company’s network, a VAN-AP is situated as a bastion host. The DMZ VAN-AP DMZ VAN-AP WAN Subdomain 1 Subdomain 2 Profinet VAN-proxy network VAN-proxy with several D1 devices D3 D1 Profinet network with several devices D3 D2 D2 VAN-device D4 D5 VAN-device D4 D5 FIGURE 15.6 Connected subdomains (AP, access point; DMZ, demilitarized zone). © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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Media 2-13 G 1 Maximum intensity Av
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Media 2-15 As an example, the three
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-5 S
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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Network-Based Control 20-5 message
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Network-Based Control 20-7 20.5.1 D
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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Functional Safety 21-9 TABLE 21.4 S
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Functional Safety 21-11 TABLE 21.6
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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Process Automation 25-3 during star
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Process Automation 25-5 • An equi
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Process Automation 25-7 Recipe mana
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Process Automation 25-9 challenging
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Process Automation 25-11 Looking at
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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Building and Home Automation 26-3 2
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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Industrial Multimedia 27-9 is neces
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Industrial Multimedia 27-11 with pr
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Industrial Multimedia 27-13 [WIF01]
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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Industrial Wireless Communications
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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30 Communications in Medical Applic
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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Technologies III-3 53 WirelessHART,
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-3 TABLE 32.3 Transmissi
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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Profibus 32-7 in Figure 32.3. He si
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Profibus 32-9 32.5 Cyclic Data Exch
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Profibus 32-11 Buscycle T DP T DX G
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Profibus 32-13 [IEC84-3] IEC 61784-
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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INTERBUS 33-5 interface shutdown. T
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INTERBUS 33-7 include the entire da
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INTERBUS 33-9 4.5 4 3.5 PL = 1 byte
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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WorldFip 34-3 Data producer Data co
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WorldFip 34-5 TABLE 34.1 Variable N
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WorldFip 34-7 Write service Read se
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WorldFip 34-9 t r (20 µs) ID_DAT(2
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-3 Four devic
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-5 Many desig
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-7 35.9 Insta
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Foundation Fieldbus 35-9 Field Inst
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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Modbus 36-3 The devices acting as M
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Modbus 36-5 Request APDU Response A
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-3 37.2.2 Wha
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Industrial Ethernet 37-5 Advantage:
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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PROFINET 40-3 A plant unit contains
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PROFINET 40-5 switches or a line to
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PROFINET 40-7 For data exchange wit
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PROFINET 40-13 40.4.5 redundancy Th
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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SafetyLon 47-7 Signal output Safety
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SafetyLon 47-13 Acronyms 1oo2 COTS
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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Wireless Local Area Networks 48-3 T
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Wireless Local Area Networks 48-5 A
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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ZigBee 50-3 Wireless communication
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51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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WiMAX in Industry 52-3 However, the
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-7 F
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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Transmission Control Protocol—TCP
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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Semantic Web Services for Manufactu
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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