wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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41-10 Industrial Communication Systems nviLocalControl SNVT_setting nviGroupControl SNVT_setting nviWindspeed SNVT_speed nviSunLux SNVT_lux nviScene SNVT_scene nviWindowContact SNVT_switch nviOccSensor SNVT_occupancy Sunblind controller #6111 Mandatory network variables nvoSblndSetting SNVT_setting Optional network variables nvoSblndState SNVT_sblnd_state Configuration properties Mandatory cpMaxSendTime Optional cpMaxReceiveTime cpBypassTime cpWeaSenFailPos cpWinConFailPos FIGURE 41.5 LonMark Sunblind Controller functional profile (excerpt). LonMark has defined standardized templates for the implementation of such functional blocks, the socalled standard functional profile types (SFPT) [12]. They define mandatory and optional network variables and configuration properties. The LonMark standard functional profile for sunblind controllers is shown as excerpt in Figure 41.5. It includes network variables for several functions, such as antiglare control, weather protection control, or damage protection against collisions with open windows. The entire profile contains 27 optional input variables and eight optional configuration properties to provide a template, which meets a great variety of sunblind controller demands. Functional blocks implementing a functional profile can also add manufacturer-specific network variables and configuration parameters. For instance, the sunblind controller implementation in Figure 41.4 has an additional feedback input variable, which is bound with the sunblind actuator. Manufacturer-specific extensions increase the flexibility of the standard, but reduce the interoperability. Manufacturers can define their own user functional profile types (UFPT), too. For the compatibility of the network variables and the configuration properties, standard network variable types (SNVT) and standard configuration property types (SCPT) are specified by the LonMark [12]. Each of these types can be a basic or composite type. Basic types are char, short (1 byte), long (2 bytes), quad (4 bytes) (each signed and unsigned), float (4 bytes), and enumeration (enum). © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
LonWorks 41-11 TABLE 41.1 Definition of Standard Network Variable Types Used in the Example SNVT Purpose Data Type Range SNVT_lux Illumination level unsigned long 0…65,535lx (raw: 0…65,535) SNVT_occupancy Occupancy state enum occup_t OC_OCCUPIED, OC_UNOCCUPIED,… SNVT_scene Calling scenes struct of: enum scene_t function unsigned short scene_number SNVT_setting Setting value (e.g., for sunblind) struct of: enum setting_t function unsigned short setting signed long rotation SC_RECALL, SC_LEARN,… 1…255 SET_DOWN, SET_UP, SET_STOP,… 0.0…100.0% (raw: 0…200) −359.98…360.00° (raw: −17,999…18,000) SNVT_speed Linear velocity unsigned long 0…6,553.5 m/s (raw: 0…65,535) Composite types are structures (struct) and unions (union) of basic types. Each SNVT field has a scale and an offset to represent values with a resolution lower than one. SNVT _ temp has, for example, a scale of 0.1 and an offset of −2740 to represent a range of −274.0°C to 6,279.5°C by raw values 0–65,535 (2 bytes). Other SNVTs, which are used in the example, are described in Table 41.1. SCPT types often reference SNVT types. For example, SCPTtempOffset, which is used as calibration offset of temperature probes, references SNVT _ temp _ diff _ p, which describes a temperature difference. Manufacturers can use their own user-defined network variable and configuration types (UNVT/ UCPT), which can be new types or referenced SNVT/SCPTs. These user types are always manufacturer specific, so they are only valid for one manufacturer. They additionally have a scope, which defines the range of application of a type. The range can be further limited to a device class, usage, channel type, or an application itself. System integration tools ensure that only network variables of the same type (SNVT or UNVT) can be bound. 41.6 Network Design Tools Traditionally, each assembly section, such as lighting, sunblind, and HVAC, has its own designers and system integrators. Since LonWorks covers all these assembly sections, the bus can be shared. If all nodes are installed on one shared bus and the system integrators do not coordinate each other, which often was the case, the completed system will not work: Logical addresses are used more than once or bindings will be overwritten. A solution to this problem is to use a central database, where all assembly sections are working on. On this account, Echelon released LonWorks network services (LNS) in 1996, which is a de facto standard in the LonWorks world now. The LNS Server offers a database, where networks can be stored, and an API, which provides network management methods for adding devices to a network, binding network variables, and setting node and application-specific configuration properties. With the first release of the LNS database, Echelon created the prerequisites for the development of a wide range of LNS-based system integration tools for LonWorks networks. Today, tools from several manufacturers are available on the market, which use the LNS database as backend [13]. Examples are the LonMaker from Echelon [14], NL 220 and NL Facilities from Newron System [15], Alex TE from Spega [16], and the Network Integrator from Circon Systems [17]. They all incorporate mostly all LNS functions and enable the design, parameterization, commissioning, and test of open multi-vendor LonWorks systems. Besides, also LonWorks system integration tools exist that are specialized to devices from a specific manufacturer. This limitation to a small number of devices makes an easier, semiautomatic © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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