wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

54-2 Industrial Communication Systems
• Data rate, packet size, and fragmentation support are the features that should not be forgotten.
• Support of nomadism or mobility of network node may be important for some applications.
54.2 a Wireless Standards Taxonomy
Wireless technologies can be classified according to their communication range and their equivalent
isotropically radiated power (EIRP), their data rate, their power consumption, and their “complexity.”
The frequency band and the EIRP are important parameters in terms of EMC. The EIRP has direct
impact on the power consumption of the radio chipset. Figure 54.1 proposes a wireless standards
taxonomy.
Industrial automation applications of wireless technologies concern mainly RFID, WPAN, and
WLAN classes. WWAN and WMAN classes concern much more telecom operators except TErrestrial
Trunked RAdio (TETRA). It is a digital trunked mobile radio standard (from 300 to 1000.MHz) developed
to meet the needs of traditional professional mobile radio (PMR) user organizations such as
• Public safety
• Transportation
• Utilities
• Government
• Military
• Public access mobile radio (PAMR) operator
• Commercial and industry
• Oil and gas
Table 54.1 lists the characteristics of some technology belonging to RFID (see also reference [1]),
WPAN, and WLAN classes that are important to know when choosing a wireless technology. For example,
for DECT technology, it is worth checking regularly reference [2].
It is worth mentioning IEEE 802.15.4 standard which provides a foundation for low-duty cycle,
low power consumption, and low-bandwidth mesh networking technology. ZigBee/ZigBee Pro,
WirelessHART, ISA100.11a [3–5], and OCARI (see also Chapter 44 for more descriptions) are wireless
communication standards that are aimed for wireless sensor and actuator networks. ZigBee Pro offers,
for example, a low-power active router which is particularly useful for power conservation. OCARI
offers support for mobility of network router with an advanced activity scheduling algorithm that helps
to preserve the battery lifetime.
54.3 regulations and EMC
Wireless classes that belong to RFID, WPAN, and WLAN categories mostly use license-free frequency
bands. These frequency bands are specified by different international and national organizations such as
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States
• The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Administrations (CEPT)
• The European Union, Radio, and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE)
It is important to check the recommendations issued by these organizations in order to avoid
interferences with existing or future electronic equipments. For example, ITU-K series provide recommendations
concerning protection against interference. IUT-K.76 defines EMC requirements for
telecommunication network equipment in 9–150.kHz frequency band, and IUT-K.80 specifies EMC
requirements for telecommunication network equipment in the band from 1 to 6.GHz.
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC