wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

27
Industrial Multimedia
Javier
Silvestre-Blanes
Universidad Politécnica
de Valencia
Manfred Weihs
TTTech
Computertechnik AG
Víctor-M.
Sempere-Payá
Universidad Politécnica
de Valencia
27.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 27-1
27.2 Multimedia Compression: A Review........................................... 27-4
Image Compressors. •. Video Compressors. •. Quality Evaluation
27.3 Industrial Multimedia Applications............................................ 27-8
Monitoring Applications. •. Computer Vision Applications
27.4 Image Transmission........................................................................ 27-9
IEEE 1394. •. IP-Based Networks
27.5 Conclusions.................................................................................... 27-11
Acknowledgment...................................................................................... 27-11
References.................................................................................................. 27-11
27.1 Introduction
It is commonly accepted that the multimedia applications that appeared in the mid-1990s are the third
generation of computer applications [P98]. The first generation was characterized by its ability to manage
data, while the second generation was considered to be principally for communication. This has had
an influence on computer instruction set architecture (ISA) in current processors with the introduction
of multimedia extensions (e.g., MMX and SSE in Intel) or in the development and definition of LAN and
WAN networks that were able to provide quality of service (QoS) to this traffic (such as IEEE 802.11e).
The area of industry has not been an exception to this phenomenon and, from the beginning, the development
of new industrial applications [P98,RSB99,WIF01] was predicted both for the high degree of
interaction between human and industrial process that they allow and for their part in the developments
in monitoring and control, quality control, factory automation, and factory communication. Nowadays it is
possible to find multimedia applications in nearly all areas of industrial communications—automation,
monitoring, image processing, robotics, remote control, etc.
These applications have a wide range of requirements, and there are numerous technologies that support
them. Data compression techniques and techniques for transmission of this kind of information
are among the most important of these technologies. However, it is necessary to first consider the structure
of the data managed in this kind of application. Images or image sequences have a height and width,
called resolution, which is measured in pixels. These pixels represent information for which a specific
number of bits per pixel (bpp) is required, the most common being 8 bits in grayscale and 15 (5 bits for
each color plane), 24, or 32 in color. Resolution, together with the necessary rate of frames per second
(fps) provides the bit rate necessary for the application, normally measured in bits per second (bps).
The most commonly used format in industrial and monitoring applications is 8 bpp in grayscale, and
when working in color the RGB (red, green, blue) format, using 8 bits for each color plane. This means
24 bpp are used for color, as can be seen in Figure 27.1. However, the use of the YUV color format with
subsampling is common, and this is generally used in the compression of color images. This format,
27-1
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC