wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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46-2 Industrial Communication Systems Safety CPU (F-Host) Combination possible Standard CPU Robot F-Modules in a remote I/O device Profinet DP-link Coexistence of standard and safety communication Profibus-DP F-gateway PA-link ASI-safe Profibus-PA Remote I/O Limit switch (F-Device) Standard controller Laser scanner (F-Device) Drives FIGURE 46.1 The Profisafe approach. (Adapted from PROFIsafe—Safety technology for PROFIBUS and PROFINET—System description, PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. PNO, 2007.) IEC 61486 Safety functions (e.g, light curtains) Product standards IEC 61131-6 Safety for PLC IEC 61800-5-2 Safety functions for drives ISO 12100-1 and ISO 14121 Safety of machinery — Principles for design and risk assessment IEC 61784-4 Security (profile-specific) IEC 62443 Security (common part) Design of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems (SRECS) for machinery SIL based PL based IEC 61784-5 Installation guide (profile-specific) IEC 61784-3-3 (Profisafe) Functional safety communication profile 3 Design objective IEC 61918 Applicable standards Installation guide (common part) IEC 60204-1 Safety of electrical equipment IEC 61326-3-1 EMC and functional safety IEC 61508 Functional safety (basic standard) US: NFPA 79 IEC 62061 Functional safety for machinery (SRECS) ISO 13849-1, -2 Safety-related parts of machinery (SRPCS) Non-electrical Electrical Valid also in process industries, whenever applicable IEC 61158 series/ 61784-1, -2 Fieldbus for use in industrial controls systems IEC 61511 Functional safety — safety instrumented systems for the process industry US: ISA-84.00.01 DE: VDI 2180 Safety-related standards Fieldbus-related standards Profisafe Factory Process FIGURE 46.2 Overview of safety standards for factory and process automation. (Adapted from PROFIsafe—Safety technology for PROFIBUS and PROFINET—System description, PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. PNO, 2007.) © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Profisafe 46-3 Safety application Safety application Standard application Standard application Profisafe layer Profisafe layer Standard protocol Standard data Standard protocol Black channel Safety data Profinet, Profibus FIGURE 46.3 Black channel approach. (Adapted from PROFIsafe—Safety technology for PROFIBUS and PROFINET—System description, PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. PNO, 2007.) while EN 50159-1 defines the requirements needed to support safe communication between safetyrelated equipment. Many of the solutions employed by Profisafe are based on EN 50159-1 proposals, the “black channel” principle being the most relevant example. Nowadays, Profisafe is part of a series of standards related to fieldbus systems—IEC 61158 [4] and its companion IEC 61784 [5]. Within this series, the IEC 61784-3 [6] defines a set of profiles to support safe communication in fieldbus networks. Profisafe is standardized as IEC 61784-3-3 [7], resulting from additional specifications proposed within IEC 61784-3 to encompass Profibus and Profinet networks. According to its developers [1], it is certified for use in safety-related applications up to SIL 3 (Safety Integrity Level, IEC 61508 or IEC 62061) or PL “e” (Performance Level, ISO 13849-1). This certification is also extended to wireless networks such as IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth, but with additional security requirements (see Section 46.3.4). 46.1.2 Black Channel Principle The “black channel” principle is based on the following requirement: the transmission of safety data is performed independently of the characteristics of the transmission system, e.g., medium, topology, communication stack, network devices, etc., and without trusting the internal safety mechanisms provided by it. In order to achieve this goal, its implementation is undertaken as an additional layer— the safety layer—on top of the application layer. The safety layer considers that safety data are subject to various threats (i.e., errors), and for each one defines a set of defense measures in order to protect this data [3] (see Section 46.2.2). In the Profisafe case, the safety layer is implemented as a safety profile (Figure 46.3). Therefore, safety data are encapsulated in standard Profinet or Profibus frames, jointly with standard data, and transmitted in accordance with the usual rules defined by the communication protocol. 46.2 Profisafe Communication From the beginning, the Profisafe solution was subject to certain design constraints: compatibility with existing Profibus/Profinet physical layers, interoperability with existing devices, and compatibility with existing modular devices. Any solution must attempt to guarantee the error-free delivery of data, or the detection of data with errors, between communicating devices, such as a PLC (F-Host) and an I/O © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-3 TABLE 32.3 Transmissi
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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INTERBUS 33-5 interface shutdown. T
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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WorldFip 34-3 Data producer Data co
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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PROFINET 40-3 A plant unit contains
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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ZigBee 50-3 Wireless communication
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ZigBee 50-5 Table 50.2 Physical Cha
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ZigBee 50-7 Coordinator Router End
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51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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