wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

51
6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless
Sensor Networks and
Smart Cooperating Objects
Guido Moritz
University of Rostock
Frank Golatowski
University of Rostock
51.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 51-1
51.2 Why IP in WSN and For Smart Cooperating Objects?............. 51-1
IP as Open Standard Protocol Instead of Proprietary
Protocols. •. IP Routers Instead of Complex Gateways. •. Use of Already
Existing Protocols, Tools, and Applications. •. New Architectural
Styles like Service-Oriented Architectures. •. IP Support in Operating
Systems. •. Lessons Learned From Maintaining the Internet
51.3 Introduction in 802.15.4................................................................. 51-3
51.4 802.15.4 and 6LoWPAN................................................................. 51-5
51.5 6LoWPAN......................................................................................... 51-7
Address Autoconfiguration. •. Frame Types and Fragmentation. •. .
Mesh Frame Type. •. Broadcast and Multicast Address
Mapping. •. Header Compression. •. Scopes. •. Summary of Frame
Types and Compression Schemes. •. Security
51.6 Summary.........................................................................................51-14
References...................................................................................................51-14
51.1 Introduction
In the last decade, plenty of research has been conducted in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN).
One important part of a WSN node is its communication interface. Starting with proprietary communication
systems in early days of WSN, standardized communication interfaces are required today. IEEE 802.15
wireless personal area network (WPAN) task Group 4 has defined a low data rate communication protocol
with low energy consumption. IEEE 802.15.4 defines physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC)
layers and is widely used in current WSN. This standard forms a basis for other emerging upper layer standard
protocols, like ZigBee, WirelessHART, and SP100. While those protocols are established in home automation,
building automation, and factory automation, Internet protocol (IP) connectivity is still desired.
51.2 Why IP in WSN and For Smart Cooperating Objects?
IP is the predominating protocol in network infrastructures for information and communication
systems, ranging from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs). However, IPv4 is
obsolete considering the envisioned trillions of devices, which will appear in the near future. IPv6, the
next-generation IP, expands address space of IP to 2 128 addresses and includes miscellaneous improvements
based on experiences with IPv4.
51-1
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC