wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

7-2 Industrial Communication Systems
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 7.1
Ad hoc networks: (a) fixed infrastructure network and (b) peer-to-peer network.
TABLE 7.1 Differences between Ad Hoc Networks and Conventional
Cellular Systems
Conventional Systems
Ad Hoc Networks
Requires infrastructure
Requires careful planning before
setting up base stations
Static backbone network topology
Predictable network conditions
Relatively more secure
No infrastructure required
Adapts to changing network conditions
Dynamic network topologies
Highly unpredictable network conditions
More susceptible to malicious attacks
also serve as an emergency backup in case of massive fixed infrastructure failure due to war, natural, or
industrial disaster. It can extend the service area of the access networks and provide wireless connectivity
into areas with limited or no coverage. Although ad hoc architecture offers several benefits such as selfreconfiguration
and adaptability to highly variable mobile characteristics, it poses several new challenges
primarily resulting from the unpredictability of the network topology due to mobility and count of nodes.
The key differences of ad hoc networks with conventional cellular systems are summarized in Table 7.1.
7.1.2 applications
The evolution toward a seamless connectivity through a heterogeneous network is made possible due to progress
in wireless communication standards, radio access technologies, and network architecture. Although
still in its infancy, developments in these areas are already resulting in several novel business models.
Wireless home networks are now offering to move broadband data around the house without wires
through P2P routing and without requiring each device to be in close proximity of a centralized server.
Military applications are another key area, where P2P technology is implemented as “mesh networks.”
These networks enable instant and reliable communication among troops across the battlefield without
requiring predeployed large structures, antennas, or traditional backhaul connections. Similarly, this concept
is applicable to establish communication among the public safety workers (of police, fire-fighting, and
rescue department), allowing them to establish/extend networks by simply bringing mesh-enabled devices
to the site of an incident. Ad hoc networks can be deployed in mining companies and other enterprises,
which operate in extremely difficult environment, in order to improve communication and safety of workers.
Also, ad hoc technology can be used to extend wireless connectivity to hard-to-reach areas such as old
buildings that are difficult to wire, or to buildings that are too distant to reach with Wi-Fi. Another interesting
application of the ad hoc networks is in creating an intelligent transportation system that improves
safety and reduces congestion on roads. As shown in Figure 7.2, each vehicle incorporates smart devices
that monitor and communicate directly with each other in order to optimize timing, warning of danger,
and conveys this information to the traffic control server for strategic planning. Ad hoc technology enables
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC