wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

8-2 Industrial Communication Systems
8.1 Prologue
In prehistorical years, our ancestors tied knots on a string to mark episodes of importance, so that these
memorable moments could be recalled afterward. This apparently simple maneuver has, in fact, distinguished
human beings from other living things, as it was a preamble of engraved symbols and written
words, the icon of civilization. In ancient China, circa 1000 BC in the Shang Dynasty, a series of smoke
towers on mountain peaks was used to transmit messages to and fro the imperial court, a simple yet
effective link of communications covering thousands of kilometers. It is the first documented telecommunications
system in history.
In recent history, one of the most memorable moments is the invention of the electromagnetic
telegraph by Baron Schilling in 1832 [1] as it symbolized the genesis of the era of electrical telecommunications.
Of comparable importance is the postulation of electromagnetism disseminated by
James Maxwell in 1865 [2], because it laid a solid theoretical ground for the development of wireless
communications. Equally remarkable are the developments of the Z1, the first programmable electromechanical
binary machine by Konrad Zuse in 1936 [3], and the ABC, the first electronic computer,
by John Atanasoff and Cliff Berry in 1942 [4]. Since these machines enabled electronic automation,
many men and women have been emancipated from mundane repetitive daily chores.
In fact, electronic automation was inherited from an electromechanical one. Under a contract for the
Census Office of the Federal Government of the United States, the punch card was invented by Herman
Hollerith (Figure 8.1), and the patent was eventually approved in 1884 [5]. Since punch cards could be
counted or sorted mechanically, statistics compilation was made easier. From another point of view,
this invention marked the beginning of a new era of information processing because the punch card is
a reliable method of data input and data storage.
However, the association of an object with the datum being input was only made possible with the
advent of the bull’s eye by Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver in 1949 [6]; therefore, it is credited as
being the father of automatic identity. Ever since then many automatic identification and data capature
(AIDC) schemes have been developed, such as the magnetic stripe by Forrest Parry in 1966 [7] and the
reflective color stripes by David Collin in 1967.
Printed in U.S.A. REMINGTON RAND P- 11782 T
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
1
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6
7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6
7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
FIGURE 8.1
Hollerith’s punch card.
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