wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1 (continued) “Industrial Ethernet” Outlined in Thick Black Lines Communication Profiles (CP) in IEC 61784 IEC 61158 Types Corresponding to CP Family CPFs Technology Name 61784 Parts CP Number Type Number 15 MODBUS•- RTPS To avoid saturation phenomena of the network traffic due to cyclic multi-cast over UDP, Ethernet/IP requires that the network components implementing the IGMP standard (RFC 3376 [17]) for filtering multi-cast and 802.1Q, support for VLANs. 37.3.2 Foundation Fieldbus High-Speed Ethernet FF HSE is developed by the Fieldbus Foundation for process control [20]. FF HSE is an application protocol (layer 7 of the OSI model) that uses UDP/IP rather than TCP/IP for communications in “real time,” and TCP/IP for other exchanges. FF HSE is an adaptation of the Foundation Fieldbus for Ethernet. It keeps the same data model oriented for process applications. FF HSE includes a real protocol for managing the “SNCC-oriented” physical redundancy. It allows the physical redundancy of machines and ports, in contrast to the redundancy offered by the logical ring topologies. FF HSE implements scheduling communications to ensure that two components do not publish their data at the same time. This mechanism is implemented in the application layer to enable the use of standard Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols. With FF HSE, it is possible to achieve a cycle time of 100.ms. 37.3.3 SERCOS III 2, 5-12 CP 15/1 MODBUS TCP 15 2, 5-12 CP 15/2 RTPS 15 16 SERCOS 1, 5-16 CP 16/1 SERCOS I 16 1, 5-16 CP 16/2 SERCOS II 16 2, 5-16 CP 16/3 SERCOS III 19 SERCOS III is supported by SERCOS trade associations [19]. SERCOS III translates the application layers of SERCOS fieldbus on Ethernet and implements mechanisms similar as EtherCAT. It focuses on hard real-time applications, in particular, motion control. To obtain deterministic cycle time guaranties, this solution only uses Ethernet cables (category 4, Section 37.2.3), and is based on a daisy chain topology where only one frame circulates from devices to devices. This frame contains data from and for all devices. There is one master by-chain, which sends the frame all the required data to be read by slaves in a given place. Then, the devices receive this frame one after the other, read the data they need, and write data if necessary. Recently, SERCOS International (parent organization of SERCOS trade associations) joined the Open Source Automation Development Lab (OSALD) [24]. This promises an open source version of SERCOS III. 37.3.4 “Exotic Solutions”: EPA, Tcnet, Vnet/IP, PNET on IP These last four solutions are less known either because they are not supported by one major automation vendor (EPA and PNET on IP) or because vendors mainly use them as internal communication protocols for their own products (Tcnet and Vnet/IP). Ethernet for plant automation (EPA) is supported by the Chinese industry. It is built on the standard Ethernet layers (802.3 and 802.2 or Ethernet II) and adds a top layer called EPA communication scheduling management entity (ECSME). This layer manages network traffic on a macro cycle consisting of a periodic transfer phase and an aperiodic transfer phase. The regularity of traffic is based on synchronization of equipment by IEC 61588 (PTP). © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
TABLE 37.2 Features of Major Industrial Ethernet Solutions Type (cf. Section 37.2.3) Real-Time Capability Standards Compliance Determinism QoS Transmission Time Application Domain EtherCAT 4 Hard real-time 61158 Ethernet cables Deterministic with short cycle time EtherNet/IP 1 Soft real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 TCP/ IP (RFC791 and 793) FF HSE 1 Soft real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 TCP/ IP (RFC791 and 793) Modbus/TCP 1 Soft real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 TCP/ IP (RFC791 and 793) EPL 3 Soft real-time or hard real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 TCP/ IP (RFC791 and 793) Nondeterministic Ensured thanks to the transfer of all data in a unique frame Use of 802.1Q and 802.1D standards Nondeterministic Possible use of 802.1Q and 802.1D standards Typically around 100.μs No guarantee offered by the protocol if not using CIPSync No guarantee offered by the protocol ∼100.ms Nondeterministic No QoS No guarantee offered by the protocol Deterministic with short cycle time QoS ensure by use of TDMA mechanism ProfiNet RT 1 Soft real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 Nondeterministic Prioritization of flows, limitation of broadcast, and use of VLANs IRT 2 Hard real-time 61158 IEEE802.3 Deterministic for IRT flows SERCOS III 4 Hard real-time 61158 Ethernet links Deterministic with short cycle time Flow prioritization inside the switch Ensured thanks to the transfer of all data in a unique frame Guaranteed (values depend on devices: hub or switch) No guarantee offered by the protocol Guaranteed for IRT flows thanks to time slot managed by switches Typically around 100.μs Motion control Process, batch, manufacturing Process Manufacturing Motion control Electricity production (fossil fuel, hydraulic) ProfiNet Motion control 37-8 Industrial Communication Systems © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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Media 2-11 uses light backscatterin
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Media 2-13 G 1 Maximum intensity Av
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Media 2-15 As an example, the three
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Media 2-17 TABLE 2.3 Overview of Di
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4 Routing in Wireless Networks Tere
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-3 me
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-5
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-7 Fi
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-9 in
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Routing in Wireless Networks 4-13 1
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5 Profiles and Interoperability Ger
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-3 t
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-5 S
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Profiles and Interoperability 5-7 d
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks
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7-10 Industrial Communication Syste
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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Clock Synchronization in Distribute
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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Network-Based Control 20-3 Thus, th
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Network-Based Control 20-5 message
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Network-Based Control 20-7 20.5.1 D
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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Functional Safety 21-9 TABLE 21.4 S
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Functional Safety 21-11 TABLE 21.6
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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Functional Safety 21-15 implementin
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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Security in Industrial Communicatio
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23 Secure Communication Using Chaos
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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Process Automation 25-3 during star
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Process Automation 25-5 • An equi
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Process Automation 25-7 Recipe mana
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Process Automation 25-9 challenging
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Process Automation 25-11 Looking at
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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Industrial Multimedia 27-13 [WIF01]
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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Industrial Wireless Communications
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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30 Communications in Medical Applic
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Communications in Medical Applicati
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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Technologies III-3 53 WirelessHART,
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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Controller Area Network 31-3 TABLE
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Controller Area Network 31-5 • Bi
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Controller Area Network 31-7 I/O Ap
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Controller Area Network 31-9 TTCAN:
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Controller Area Network 31-11 nth E
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Controller Area Network 31-13 TABLE
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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Profibus 32-3 TABLE 32.3 Transmissi
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Profibus 32-5 32.3 Fieldbus Data Li
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Profibus 32-7 in Figure 32.3. He si
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Profibus 32-13 [IEC84-3] IEC 61784-
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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INTERBUS 33-5 interface shutdown. T
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INTERBUS 33-7 include the entire da
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INTERBUS 33-9 4.5 4 3.5 PL = 1 byte
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Page 530 and 531: 37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Page 562 and 563: 40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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LIN-Bus 45-3 System design tool Clu
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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SafetyLon 47-5 In detail, a hardwar
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SafetyLon 47-7 Signal output Safety
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SafetyLon 47-9 base. Typically, suc
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SafetyLon 47-11 Input source file(s
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SafetyLon 47-13 Acronyms 1oo2 COTS
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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Wireless Local Area Networks 48-3 T
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Wireless Local Area Networks 48-5 A
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Wireless Local Area Networks 48-13
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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ZigBee 50-3 Wireless communication
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ZigBee 50-5 Table 50.2 Physical Cha
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ZigBee 50-7 Coordinator Router End
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51 6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor
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6LoWPAN: IP for Wireless Sensor Net
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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WiMAX in Industry 52-3 However, the
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OCARI
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-3 8
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-5 F
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-7 F
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User Datagram Protocol—UDP 60-9 I
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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Transmission Control Protocol—TCP
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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Semantic Web Services for Manufactu
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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