wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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59-2 Industrial Communication Systems Electrical power grid - Billing - Energy-management - Maintenance Wind power Inv IED Photovoltaics Communication network (IEC 61850) Hydroelectric power Biogas power Combined heat and power (CHP) FIGURE 59.1 Communication network for distributed energy resources. The basic concept of the IEC 61850 standard for its application in distributed energy resources will be described in the following example of a small photovoltaic system (Figure 59.2). This system consists of the following components: • The photovoltaic array • A DC-circuit breaker • An inverter Photovoltaics (PV) Autom. functions LPHD LN0 IED Photovoltaic array DPVC1 DPVC DC circuitbreaker Inverter AC-switch 3-phase circuit-breaker XCBR1 ZINV1 XSWI1 CSWI1 XCBR2 XCBR ZINV XSWI CSWI XCBR ACSI-services SCSM: Ethernet and MMS Communication network (WAN) Electric meter Low voltage public grid MMTR1 MMTR Communication model FIGURE 59.2 Example for the application of IEC 61850 on a photovoltaic system. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
IEC 61850 for Distributed Energy Resources 59-3 Table 59.1 Logical Node LPHD LLNO DPVC XCBR ZINV XSWI CSWI MMTR Description of the Logical Nodes Classes Description Describes the object for the control of a physical device, which is the microcontroller itself Describes the object for a logical device Describes the object for the photovoltaic array Describes the object for the DC circuit breaker Describes the object for the inverter Describes the object for the AC switch Describes the controller for the operation of the AC switch Describes the object for the electric meter • An AC-switch • A three-phase circuit breaker and • An electric meter For the integration of such a system into a communication network, a microcontroller is required. According to the IEC 61850 this computer is named as Intelligent Electronic Device (IED). The IEC 61850 provides standardized object classes to describe the information produced and consumed by the automation functions of such an IED. The most important object classes are the logical node (LN) classes. For the example shown in Figure 59.2 the Table 59.1 presents the logical node classes that were used. The communication services required in an IED is described in a communication model by the so-called ACSI-services (ACSI—abstract communications service interface) defined in IEC 61850-7-2. These abstract services must be implemented using existing concrete communication protocols (SCSM—specific communication service mappings). At this stage of the standard, this mapping may be realized with Ethernet, TCP/IP, and MMS protocols. 59.3 Modeling the Automation Functions In general, the automation functions in electrical power grids can be classified into three categories: • Protection functions prevent hazard to people, damage to power network components, and breakdown of the power grid. Such functions have to be performed within 10 ms. • Monitoring functions supervise the status of devices and primary equipment (circuit breakers, transformers, etc.) within the power grid. • Control functions allow a local or remote operation of the devices. These automation functions can be divided into subfunctions and functional elements. For modeling the automation functions in the communication model, objects are standardized on the level of the functional elements. They are named as LN. The LNs can be grouped to logical devices (LD). An example of how LNs are built is shown in Figure 59.2. The LN CSWI1 is used in the example presented in Figure 59.2 in conjunction with XSWI1 for the control of the AC-switch. The corresponding LN-class CSWI consists of data objects (DO) that have standardized common data classes (CDC). As an example, the data object Pos (shown circled in Figure 59.3), has the CDC controllable double point (DPC). Each CDC contains a series of data attributes. As an example, the data attributes corresponding to data class DPC are shown in Figure 59.4. Some of this data attributes are mandatory, some are optional, and some can be mandatory or optional if certain conditions are fulfilled. In our example, the data attributes corresponding to the LN CSWI1 are used to operate the switch while the LN XSWI1 is used to model the information received from the switch. The IED accesses the switch through binary inputs/outputs. Firstly, an operate command is sent from a client to the © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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48 Wireless Local Area Networks Hen
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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