wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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12-10 Industrial Communication Systems [CC08] S. Chalasani and J. M. Conrad, A survey of energy harvesting sources for embedded systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Southeastcon, Huntsville, AL, pp. 442–447, April 3–6, 2008. [CSP08] S. Carlsen, A. Skavhaug, S. Petersen, and P. Doyle, Using wireless sensor networks to enable increased oil recovery, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1039–1048, September 15–18, 2008. [HART] HART Communication Foundation (HCF), HART Field Communication Protocol Specification, Revision 7.0 (HCF_SPEC-13), Austin, TX, 2007. [IEC61158] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 61158—Industrial communication networks—Fieldbus specifications, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. [ISA-100] International Society of Automation (ISA), ISA-100.11a-2009 Standard, Wireless systems for industrial automation: Process control and related applications, 2009. [KHP08] A. N. Kim, F. Hekland, S. Petersen, and P. Doyle, When HART goes wireless: Understanding and implementing the WirelessHART standard, Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA 2008, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 899–907, September 15–18, 2008. [PC09] S. Petersen and S. Carlsen, Performance evaluation of WirelessHART for factory automation, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Palma, Spain, September 22–25, 2009. [PDA08] S. Petersen, P. Doyle, S. Vatland et al., Requirements, drivers and analysis of wireless sensor network solutions for the oil & gas industry, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Patras, Greece, pp. 219–226, September 25–28, 2007. [SMCN06] J. Song, A. Mok, D. Chen, and M. Nixon, Challenge of wireless control in process industry, Workshop on Research Directions for Security and Networking in Critical Real-Time and Embedded Systems in conjunction with the IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, San Jose, CA, April, 7, 2006. [X.200] ITU-T X.200 (07/94), Information Technology—Open Systems Interconnection—Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model, 1994. [YXZ06] Q. Yu, J. Xing, and Y. Zhou, Performance research of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications, Beijing, China, pp. 1–4, August 13–16, 2006. [ZigBee] ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee-2006 Specification, 2006. [ZigBeeP] ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee PRO Specification, 2007. [6loWPAN] The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Request for Comments (RFC) 4944: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, 2007. [802.11] IEEE Standards Association, IEEE Std 802.11-2007, IEEE Standard for Information Technology— Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, 2007. [802.11n] IEEE Standards Association, IEEE Std 802.11n, IEEE Standard for Information Technology— Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput, 2009. [802.15.4] IEEE Standards Association, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006, IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems—Local and Metropolitan area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), 2006. [94/9/EC] European Parliament and the Council, Directive 94/9/EC, 1994. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
13 Vertical Integration Thilo Sauter Austrian Academy of Sciences Stefan Soucek Loytec electronics GmbH Martin Wollschlaeger Dresden University of Technology 13.1 Introduction..................................................................................... 13-1 13.2 Historical Background................................................................... 13-2 13.3 Network Interconnections.............................................................13-4 13.4 Application View............................................................................. 13-7 13.5 Security Aspects in Vertical Integration.....................................13-8 13.6 Trends in Vertical Integration..................................................... 13-10 Abbreviations............................................................................................. 13-11 References.................................................................................................. 13-12 13.1 Introduction The past two decades have brought tremendous advances in network technology, both in the office world and in all fields of automation. Two obvious indicators for this are on the one hand the stunning success of the Internet, whose technological principles have also widely been adopted in small-size local area networks (LANs). On the other hand, the lengthy and fierce struggle for an acceptable compromise in fieldbus standardization shows that the automation domain is seen as an important market by the big players. Consequently, as networking in both worlds has reached a mature point, the recent years have seen many attempts to bring the two sides together and to finally achieve something that had remained wishful thinking for a long time: the idea of vertical integration, meaning a seamless integration of automation data into a higher level information technology (IT) context beyond mere data acquisition [WV03]. The term “vertical integration” has become trendy in the last years and has been used as a marketing argument for a number of automation solutions. Strictly speaking, however, vertical integration is not a concept peculiar to automation. In fact, it has several connotations in different domains that may be distinguished: • In an economical context, it denotes the extent to which a company has control of the processes involved in the manufacturing of its products. Full vertical integration in this case means full control over the entire value chain from raw material production until the assembly of the final product [RO03]. • In a business and organizational context, it concerns the information exchange between the various management levels in a company or an agglomerate of companies. The relevant property here is the control of the decision flow across the hierarchies. • In an automation context, finally, it means the data exchange between all automation levels inside a plant. In particular, it denotes the interconnection of automation and office networks on a technological level, and the linkage of field-level control and planning tools on an application level [S07]. This chapter will focus on the latter aspects of vertical integration, and there again especially on the technological issues. It will shed some light on the evolution of the integration idea from the first 13-1 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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45 LIN-Bus Andreas Grzemba Universi
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47 SafetyLon Thomas Novak SWARCO Fu
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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