wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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LIN-Bus 45-5 Reverse battery protection diode (D1) V Shift_BAT Transceiver IC D ser_int D ser_Master SCI Rx V SUP R LIN V BAT LIN node Only within V BATTERY V SUP a master node 30 K 1 K Rx V (LIN) Bus Tx GND V Shift_GND Tx Voltage divider (a) GND (b) FIGURE 45.5 (a) Basic principle of the physical layer according to ISO 9141. (b) Basic structure of a LIN master node. is mandatory to prevent uncontrolled powering of the node from the bus line, in the case of a battery loss, that is, if V BAT is disconnected in Figure 45.5b. The pull-up resistor is specified at 30.kΩ on a slave node and at 1.kΩ on a master node. The baud rate is specified in the range of 1–20.kbps but typical baud rates are 9.6 or 19.2.kbps, or 10.4.kbps according to SAE J2602, as will be discussed later. 45.4.1 Signal Specification The V SUP and GND form the reference potential of the voltage divider to determine the logical value of a bit. A voltage level below 40% V SUP represents logical 0 and a level above 60% V SUP represents a logical 1. The transmitter has to ensure that the receiver receives valid voltage levels. The specification does not define transmitter voltage levels. Because any node determines the logical bit values in reference to its own V SUB and GND, a drift has an impact on this process (see Figure 45.6). The specification margins the drift of V BAT (V Shift_BAT ) and GND (V Shift_GND ) at about 10%. Note that V SUP , seen in Figure 45.5b, can be computed as LIN signal VSUP = VBAT − VD1 (45.1) Rx—50% duty cycle Rx—min. duty cycle Rx—max. duty cycle FIGURE 45.6 Influence of the drift. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
45-6 Industrial Communication Systems The duty cycle parameters are very important for the waveform of the LIN signal. They establish limits that ensure the correct determination of the logical bit value for the serial communication interface (SCI) of the receiver. They cover the issues of drift, oscillator tolerances, and asymmetries of receiver propagation delay rising edge with respect to the falling edge [TR0363]. 45.4.2 topology The specification does not regulate the wire topology. One can use a line, tree, or star topology. However, the length of the bus line must be limited to 40.m. The effective criterion of a bus line is the RC time constant τ. It covers the capacitances and loads of all nodes and the bus line. The RC time constant must be in the range of 1–5.μs. The number of nodes in a LIN cluster should not exceed 16. Every additional node lowers the network resistance by approximately 3%, because it integrates a parallel 30.kΩ resistor and can cause communication errors under worst-case conditions. However, although the LIN baud rate is slow, the large voltage swing can be a source of radiated emissions; therefore, attention must be paid to physical wiring design and layout. 45.5 LIN Message Frames The LIN message frame, as represented in Figure 45.7, is composed of a header and a message field, the so-called response. The header field consists of the break field (Synch_Break), the synch byte field (Synch_Field), and the identifier field, which is designated as the protected identifier (PID). The message field (response) consists of the data field with one to eight data bytes and the checksum. All fields except the break field are byte oriented and can be generated with the integrated serial interface of a microcontroller. Message activity is coordinated by the periodic execution of the LIN message schedule. For each frame slot, the master task transmits a frame header with a frame identifier (ID). All slaves evaluate the frame header, and a slave immediately transmits the frame response that is associated with the ID. The LIN frame is the combined frame header and response. 45.5.1 Break Field A synchronization mechanism, which permits slaves without stabilized clock frequencies to synchronize themselves from the master clock, is implemented in the protocol. The break field informs the slaves in the network when the data transmission of a frame starts. The master sends a zero, 13 bit Frame Frame slot Idle Break field Header Sync field Response PID Data 1 Data 2 Data 3 Data N Checksum Inter-frame space Idle Break delimiter Inter-byte >=1 bit space (recommend 2 bits) Response space Inter-byte space Inter-byte space Inter-byte space FIGURE 45.7 LIN message frame. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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Media 2-9 2.3.3 transmitters and Re
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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50 ZigBee Stefan Mahlknecht Vienna
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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