wilamowski-b-m-irwin-j-d-industrial-communication-systems-2011

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SafetyLon 47-3 is linked to the safety-related firmware and the output is another binary. Such a binary is flashed into a node and must reside unchanged in the node. A change of the binary in the field is explicitly not allowed and requires safe tools for development. After making the node ready for operation, they are installed in the field and standard tools are used to setup a network. The next step is to configure the nodes, so that a safety-related application can be performed. The following parameters are required to configure SafetyLon. • Safe address (node): Each node is assigned a safe address to prevent a node from masquerade. The safe address identifies a SafetyLon uniquely so that parameters are sent to the intended node. • Binding* parameters: This allows exchange of a safety-related data. • SafetyLon user-application identifier: Each user-application gets a unique ID. According to the ID it is possible to get detailed information on the functionality and the set of safety-related data points to be configured. The parameters are transferred to the corresponding node in a three-step process: 1. The management unit sends a request to a node. The node returns its safe address and a transaction ID. The management unit verifies the safe address. 2. The management unit uses the safe address and the transaction to send the configuration parameter to the node. The node stores the configuration parameter temporarily, reads the data back and returns it to the management unit. 3. The management unit checks if the sent and received data are equal. If so, it sends a request to the node to store the parameter permanently and use it for communication purpose. Following a successful configuration (idle mode as shown in Figure 47.1), the nodes have to be commissioned in order to get them ready for performing safety-related applications [3]. First, the configuration parameters are validated. This refers to checking if the nodes used in the safety-related application perform as expected (test mode). In case of a successful validation, the user has to confirm it (pre-run and wait mode). Next, the nodes are waiting to be activated. Such a mode is implemented to allow a coordinated start-up of a network. In run mode, the node performs its functionality according to the safety-related firmware and SafetyLon user-application. In that mode, the safety-related data transfer among the nodes is handled. The mode is left in two cases: first, if a safety-critical failure has occurred. Then the safe mode is entered. In case of a recoverable failure, the node leaves the safe mode, otherwise the node remains in that state until an operator checks the failure cause. DSF compared Test Idle Modification finished DSF compared Operator confirmation Modify Safe Communication failure solved Failure detection Modification of data Run Operator confirmation Pre-run Device reset Operator confirmation Device reset or PC confirmation Wait FIGURE 47.1 Safety-related overall state diagram. * Binding means that a logic connection between two or among many network variables is established. © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
47-4 Industrial Communication Systems Maintenance (e.g., removing a safe address of a network variable) and decommissioning of the node is performed when the node is in modify mode. The node is set to that mode explicitly by the management unit. The same three-step process as described before on outlining the configuration process is used. Such detailed processes for configuration, commissioning, maintenance, and decommissioning are required and several steps have to be authorized by a user because the tool running at the management unit is a non-safety-related tool. The advantage is that a standard PC with COTS software can be used. 47.4 the Hardware Node hardware designed for a safety-related automation technology has to follow special design rules. It must be designed in a way to satisfy the requirements caused by a SIL defined in IEC 61508 [1]. As a design goal of SafetyLon is to reach a SIL3 compliant system, a two-channel architecture (1oo2) was chosen for the node hardware additional to the EN 14908 chip (Neuron chip or LC3020) as illustrated in Figure 47.2 [6]. The term 1oo2 (speak: one out of two) indicates that two independent channels perform the same actions and finally compare the result. In case of SafetyLon, the 1oo2 is realized by two hardware channels. The result of both channels must be equal that an action such as setting an output can take place. In case of a mismatch of both channels, the system has to take predefined actions such as discarding a message or entering a safe state. IEC 61508 [7] defines different ways of reaching a SIL 3 compliant system as shown in Table 47.1. There is a trade-off possible between the safe failure fraction (i.e., number of failures not resulting in a dangerous situation) and the hardware architecture. SafetyLon node Safety-related input/output unit fail safe unit LON EN 14908 chip UART Safety chip 1 Standard communication interface Safety chip 2 FIGURE 47.2 SafetyLon node hardware architecture. TABLE 47.1 Hardware Safety Integrity of Deployed Safe Failure Fraction Hardware Fault Tolerance a 0 1 2
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The Industrial Electronics Handbook
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The Electrical Engineering Handbook
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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viii Contents 11 Industrial Strengt
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x Contents 46 Profisafe............
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Preface The field of industrial ele
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xvi Preambles Thilo Sauter Institut
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xviii Preambles are the same. Commu
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xx Preambles In order to cater to h
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xxii Preambles In this manner, it i
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Editorial Board Dietmar Bruckner Vi
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xxviii Editors J. David Irwin recei
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Contributors Teresa Albero-Albero E
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Contributors xxxiii Georg Gaderer I
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Contributors xxxv Peter Neumann Ins
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Contributors xxxvii Thomas Tamandl
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I Technical Principles 1 ISO/OSI Mo
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Technical Principles I-3 18 Clock S
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1-2 Industrial Communication System
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2 Media Herbert Schweinzer Vienna U
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Media 2-3 TABLE 2.1 Overview over S
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Media 2-5 Single ended Differential
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Media 2-7 2.2.6 Standards Numerous
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6 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networ
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16 Industrial Agent Technology Alek
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18 Clock Synchronization in Distrib
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20 Network-Based Control Josep M. F
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21 Functional Safety Thomas Novak S
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Functional Safety 21-3 IEC 61508:20
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Functional Safety 21-5 safety engin
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Functional Safety 21-7 Hazard: tota
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TABLE 21.8 Measures Hazard Network-
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22 Security in Industrial Communica
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24 Embedded Networks in Civilian Ai
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25 Process Automation Alois Zoitl V
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26 Building and Home Automation Wol
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27 Industrial Multimedia Javier Sil
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Industrial Multimedia 27-3 Multimed
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Industrial Multimedia 27-5 FIGURE 2
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Industrial Multimedia 27-7 which wo
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Industrial Multimedia 27-13 [WIF01]
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28 Industrial Wireless Communicatio
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29 Protocols in Power Generation Tu
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III Technologies 31 Controller Area
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31 Controller Area Network Joaquim
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32 Profibus Max Felser Bern Univers
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33 INTERBUS Juergen Jasperneite Ost
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INTERBUS 33-3 One total frame Loopb
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34 WorldFip Francisco Vasques Unive
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35 Foundation Fieldbus Carlos Eduar
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36 Modbus Mário de Sousa Universit
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Modbus 36-15 Modbus TCP frame MBAP
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37 Industrial Ethernet Gaëlle Mars
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Industrial Ethernet 37-7 TABLE 37.1
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40 PROFINET Max Felser Bern Univers
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52 WiMAX in Industry Milos Manic Un
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53 WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, and OC
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TABLE 54.1 Characteristics of Some
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FIGURE 55.1 CPU IN-Log IN-Num OUT-l
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START FIGURE 55.3 COLD WARM STOP E_
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START RUNSTOP COLD INIT INITO WARM
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FIGURE 55.9 Different addresses of
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EtherNet FIGURE 55.11 Device: LED1
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60 User Datagram Protocol—UDP Ale
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61 Transmission Control Protocol—
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65 Semantic Web Services for Manufa
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V Outlook 67 Trends and Challenges
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68 Processing Data in Complex Commu
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