arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

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sur. 10.11 efesoSi (TurqeTi) adgilze gamofenili arqiteqturuli fragmentebi, ro m lebic, h. Smidtis sityvisamebr, ìnteleqtualur nangrevebs~ qmnis restavraciasTan mimarTebiT. miuxedavad saerTaSoriso rekomendaciebisa da oficialuri poli ti - ku ri gancxadebebisa, dargis zogadi tendencia, gansakuTrebiT rac sa zo ga - doebriv nagebobebs Seexeba, stilisturi restavraci is kenaa midreki li. nawilobriv mas asuldgmulebs xelovnebisa da arqiteqturis istori is Ses wavliT motanili Tavdajerebuloba da tradiciuli wesebisa da unar-Cvevebis moxelTeba. amas garda, gamqrali nawilebis xelaxal agebas aad vi lebs, Tu nagebobis Tavdapirveli konstruqciuli sistemebi da sam Se neblo meTodebi damkvidrebul modulebsaa dafuZnebuli; aseTi ram definiciebi da tendenciebi 383 sur. 10.12 celsusis biblioTekis detali _ axali nawilebi baT qaSiTaa Sesrule buli, originalis vizualuri efeqtis wabaZviT, Tumca detalebis gameorebis ga re Se kla si kur nagebobebsa da aRmosavlur taZrebsa Tu salocavebSi gvaqvs. èrovnuli Zeglebi~ xSirad politikuri RirebulebebiT itvirTeba da erovnuli siamayis sakiTxad moiazreba. aseT Rirebulebebs SeuZlia Zeg lis sasurveli Taviseburebebis rekonstruqciis da stilisturi res tav ra ciis da im damaxasiaTebe li niSnebis ganadgurebisa da dangrevis pro vo cireba, rac politikur miznebs ewinaaRmdegeba. magali- Tad, uzbekeTis mTavrobam, 1992 wels mopovebuli damoukideblo bis kvalad dama tebiTi Rirebuleba Semata Temuridebis xanis Zeglebs da gaza rda maTi po litikuri mniSvneloba. sabWoTa pe
384 arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria riodSi, garemomcveli urbanuli qsovilis ganadgurebis gamo, Zeglebi ukve izolirebul iqna, magram sares tavracio samuSaoebi umeteswilad didi gaqanebisa ar yofila da zoga dad veneciis qartiis principebs asaxavda: axali nawilebi, ZiriTa dad, gamartivebuli formiT, Tavdapirveli feradovnebis gameorebis mcdelo bis gareSe sruldeboda (ix. il. 8.12). axla, damoukideblobisas, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, aRedginaT samaryandis XIV- XVII saukuneebis ramdeni me meCeTi da samlocvelo, romlebic XIX saukunis aqeT nangrevebad idga. samuSaoebis safuZveli rkina-betonis, tradiciuli aguriT da Sorenkece biT dafaruli konstruqciebi gaxda. igive sakiTxi daismis evropisa da xmelTaSuazRvispireTis Tu msof lios sxva regionis zogierTi mniSvne lo vani arqeologiuri adgilis mi ma r TebiTac; magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT rekonstruqcia eraySi babi lonis nangrevebisa da uZveles qalaq Can Canis naSTebisa peruSi. rekon struqciis aseTi tendencia advilad SeiZleba davukavSiroT turizms da xSirad `didaqtikuri~ RirebulebebiTa Tu `stumrisTvis risame Cvenebis~ surviliT aris xolme gamar- Tlebuli. Tu ZeglTa rekonstruqcias gul dagul kontrols ar gavuwevT, ma- Sin veneciis qartiis miznebis Sesabamisad, ZvelTaZveli samosaxlos istoriulobis konservaciis nacvlad, vaY Tu Sedegad kitCi miviRoT. arqeologiuri Zeglebis farTo rekonstruq ciis kidev erTi sirTule isaa, rom, rogorc es aTenis atalosis stoas Sem TxvevaSi moxda, mas nangrevebis konsteqstidan àmovardnis~ tendencia aqvs; nacvlad imisa, rom daexmaros adgilis erTian interpretacias, axa li naSeni calke mdgomi Zeglis istoriul konteqstTan kavSirs arRvevs. naras yofili saimperatoro sa- saxlis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sem- TxvevaSi, wamZRolebma gonivrulad Seadgines gaTxrebis grZelvadiani programa, riTic SesaZebloba misces momaval Taobebs èstumron~ xelux lebel adgils mis Sesaswavlad da, SeZlebisamebr, kvlevisa da diagnos ti kis ufro ganviTarebuli teqnologiebic gamoiyenon. an SegiZliaT pre zen tirebis sxvadasxva sistemis magaliTebic naxoT _ mag., origina luri fragmentebis miwis qveS Senaxva da mnaxvelebisTvis saCveneblad sinTe tu ri nimuSebis momzadeba, anda Tavdapirveli Senobis safar qveS wardgena. amave dros, zogierTi istoriuli Senoba SerCeviT aRdgenil iqna, maT ricxvSi sasaxleebis, saxlebis, samlocveloe bis da karibWeebis nimuSebi da es, upiratesad, turizmis saWiroebebisTvis gakeTda, raTa naCvenebi yo filiyo amgvar nagebobaTa odindeli ieri da miwis zeviT, am, sxvafriv SedarebiT ùsaxo~, garemoSi meti nageboba gaCeniliyo. amgvari rekonstruqciis SemTxvevaSi saTuo ara, isev da isev, mxolod ama Tu im Senobis marTebulobaa, aramed RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis warmoCenisas saerTo wo na s worobis SenarCunebacaa _ adgils xom misi istoriuli simrTele unda SerCes. nangrevebisadmi mopyrobis moucilebel problemebze imsjela hart vig Smidtma, romelmac Semdegi viTarebebi gaiTvaliswina: fragmentirebu li naS- Tebis konservacia, mdgomi nangrevebis restavracia da dangreuli, an ganaTxari Senobebis reko n struqcia. man es SemTxvevebi dahyo: inteleq tualuri nangrevebi, bunebrivi nangrevebi da obieqturi nangrevebi. pir vel, “inteleqtualuri nangrevebis” SemTxvevaSi, Cvenebis strategia emya reba mnaxvelis unars, aRiqvas RirsSesaniSnavi adgilis mniSvnelovneba da istoria da eswrafvis, gaxados igi gasagebi, saamisod aucilebeli mi nimumiRa gaake-
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arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Y
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mTargmnelTagan winamdebare wigni Ze
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5. romantizmis xana ...............
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ganfenilobis Jams. am kon teqstsa d
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seriis redaqtorebis winasityvaoba a
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avtorebs Sesabamisi sferos aRiarebu
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sa Cemi xelnaweris wakiTxvisTvis, x
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1.1. winandeli midgoma istoriuli na
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sur. 1.3. darius didis akldama (Zv.
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li da Senaxuli iyo, viTarca saxsova
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Seqspiris nawarmoebebSi amoikiTxavT
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maSinac, Tiku igi nangrevebadaa qce
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sadmi da mamisa Zisadmi: `da aswavl
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aramed arse bul garemoebaTa interpr
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da ramdenime saukuniT uswrebs win e
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axleburi, anti kurisgan gansxvavebu
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jo vazaris “vite dei piu eccelent
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turi RvTaebrivi Rirebulebebis rwmen
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simZlavriT SeuZliaT maT erTmaneTi w
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dom Tavis `roma instaurata~-Si (144
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da maT fass mcire SeZlebis koleqcio
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xolo gveli, TiTqos, mamis mar j ven
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`De re aedificatoria~, laTinurad 14
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magaliTebi mas yvela droisa moaqvs
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afaeli da miqelanjelo _ did Za li s
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sur. 2.4. rimini, `tempio maletesti
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im axa li didebuli aRmSeneblobisTvi
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maT politikur mniSvnelobas. Sesabam
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1561-66 wlebSi Seiqmna da vazaris m
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gaakeTes. ieris gasamarTleblad svet
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sur. 2.7. papma urban VIII barberin
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Suasaukunovani eklesiebis, santa kr
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60 ww.) Senoba sul gaubedurda: kama
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lavT Zvel gamZle sazogadoebriv nage
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3 ganmanaTleblobis xana ganmanaTleb
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`di le tan tebis sazogadoebas~. Tav
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lili, rom suraTebis naxe va ri teni
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vaweobda (mag., YorkSiris qasl houa
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sofos-mwerlis, gamomcemlisa da krit
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lo maratas (1625-1713 ww.) Catarebu
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Catarebaa saWiro. suraTebis daziane
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sur. 3.2. `herkulaneli asulis~ anti
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xSirad kvlav avsebdnen; pompeaSi zo
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TvalSi Tavadac gansakuTrebiT mSveni
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frebda, rom swavlulT, visac arqiteq
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unda gaviazroT da misi Tavdapirveli
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SuagulSi aRmarTul iqna arqiteqtor j
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Zgi mieca; napoleonma aseve ganizra
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da konserva cias, romlebic saWiroa
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Ta gamosa fe nad. Semdeg wels iq ga
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is (xelovnebaTa da ZeglTa generalur
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1717, 1726, 1733, 1750). Tumca isin
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kolizeumi, titusis abanoebi da panT
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sur. 4.2. kolizeumi, romi. 1806 wli
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klasikuri Zeglebi 109 sur. 4.4. kap
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kapite le bidan, vidre maT adgilze
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drosTan SedarebiT bYujeti Semcirda
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1813 da 1816 wlebSi komitetebma rek
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klasikuri Zeglebi 117 sur. 4.9. kol
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Ra igi masalaSi gansxvavebas kidev
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libebdnen. maTi meTaurebi, grafi ka
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ve Zveli Zeglebis restavra ciis sax
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saberZneTSi emogzauraT. garkveuli k
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gamo Ce nili ùmniSvnelo naSTebis~
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eTi da aRmosavleTi mxridan ar qitra
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5.1. goTuri aRorZineba da inglisis
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`cxra trapezis kapelis~ koSkurebi d
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goTur stils iyenebda. 118 1791 wels
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arqiteqturas da miiCnevda, rom seli
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qveynda. ga r da amisa, man gamosca
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laruli gaxda, arqiteqtorebs naklebi
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gadaxurva uindzorSi gadaetanaT, Tum
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5.4. romantizmi da Sua saukuneebis
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debda mkiTxvelebs yuradReba miaqcio
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ekle sie biTa da TeatrebiT (Pundt,
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urgi dakavSi re buli iyo germanuli
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omantizmis epoqa 153 sur. 5.6. kYol
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5.5.2. marienburgi 1794 wels, roca
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lursma da papis bula dawva. maSin r
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niSnavs uzarmazari Tanxebis daxarjv
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sakurTxevlis kamaris centraluri ner
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siaSi (von Quast, 1837/1977). igi n
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tvruli Rirebuleba. iq, sadac ufro g
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memkvidreobas, qva-qva daSlas aclid
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sCans; igi gulisyuriT ekideboda ara
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naxevari Tve gagrZelda da safrangeT
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6 stilisturi restavracia XIX saukun
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merime, cxadia, didronis principebs
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Yovi ikribebodnen. eJens xelovnebis
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sur. 6.6. vezeles wm. magdalinas ek
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goTuri kamara aSenebul iqna romanul
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ukeT gaecnobierebina. vidre samuSao
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sur. 6.12. samxreTi koSkis zeda kon
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qiteqtura imdenad msubuqia da imden
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moufiqrebeli qmedebebisTvis~ 182 .
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enebuliyo. 186 wylisgadamyvani sist
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meore mxriv, Tu mogviano SekeTebebm
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Tumca zogi `Teoretikosi arqeologi~,
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igi iq 1858-dan 1870 wlamde muSa ob
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yvela nawilis misi sakuTari formiT
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Semdgomi aqtiu ri faza. jon louboro
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aRadgines, qanda ke bebi Tavdapirve
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sur. 6.23. ser j. j. skotma daaproe
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sabameboda arqiteqtoris ganzraxvas.
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vaSi `damaxasiaTebeli an stilisturi
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sur. 6.25. florenciis kaTedralis mT
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obiT~ muSaobda (Buscioni, 1981:9).
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omlis maxvili mzera da mware kalami
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siyva ru li da amisTanani. misi gar
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Tumca es saxlebi dasaxlebuli iyo er
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maSin roca klasikuri qandake baSi _
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wyinvale didebulebis Taviseburi xas
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cielebas mcire dakveTiT da ara erTi
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da amtkicebda, rom rogori aRmoCeneb
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xarobdes Tavisi SromiT da rom, rac
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ise, TiTqos saxifaTod gamokidebulia
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mieRo istoriuli Zeglebis movla-patr
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alanosma misi winamorbedebis (rosis
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scilda. bastionis dasavleT fasadze,
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XVII saukuneTa marienkirxes inte ri
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omelic mxolod calmxriv fanatizms mo
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erfoni napoleon III-is `neronul fan
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aseTi midgoma _ istoriuli Senobis m
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saukuneebis an ufro mogviano Senobe
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Zlier emdurebodnen 1860-1869 wlebSi
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paraviCinisa da milanis wris ganviT
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yovelgvari gayalbeba unda gamoiricx
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Tanac mas axlo kavSiri hqonda. erTi
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nawilebs, amave regionis sxva Senob
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sapirwonis, funqciiTac. es aseve au
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fon Smidtsa da partinim de grZeldeb
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“Übermensch.” sityvis zogadad
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8.1 alois rigli da “Denkmalkultus
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swert, historischer Wert, gewollter
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1906 wels) rigli daeTanxma mas, rom
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sur. 8.1 diokletianes sasaxle split
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istoriuli teritoriebis mof rT xileb
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kuTriv Tanamedrove stili arsebobs d
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mTavar prob lemad igi miiCnevda kla
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mravalTa pirveli reaqcia imis gancd
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eli aRar iyo. 1943 wels anioldomeni
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modificirebi sa, misi Rirebulebis a
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fiasa da istoriografias mieqca, ise
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aseTi instrumentis an sagnis, mag.,
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Tanaxmad idea lu ri rekonstruqciis
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ucabedi Sedegebi moitanos. mxatvrul
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imis gaTvalis winebiT, rom xelovneb
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(Brandi, 1992b:368; ix. agreTve Jon
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viT dajgufeba-dacalkevebas, aq kedl
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suliyo. aseTi damuSaveba xelosnuri
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swrafad ganviTareba di sfero, romel
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sur. 9.2 maias droindeli qalaq uqsm
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saerTaSoriso zegavlena da TanamSrom
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leonis sakaTedro taZari ise iyo dan
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ideebma gamoZaxili XIX sauku nis Su
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laus zetervals (1831-1907 ww.) daek
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meti sivrce Seqm ni li yo, mravali
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9.1.3 aRmosavleT evropa meore msofl
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sur. 9.13 omis dros dazianebuli kro
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saerTaSoriso zegavlena da TanamSrom
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1960-iani wlebis Sua xanidan 1970-i
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pirveli organo iyo. pirveli kanoni
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(g) sur. 9.22 (a) arqeologiuri teri
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xilva da maTi mxardaWera da kvleviT
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uilYamsburgis magaliTma mniSvnelova
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lis Seqmna 284 . es saxelmZRvanelo
Page 334 and 335: `reabilitaciis~ koncefcias, romelic
Page 336 and 337: 1836-41 wlebSi bisotunSi da 1851-53
Page 338 and 339: sur. 9.30 Sorenkecebis tradiciuli m
Page 340 and 341: arsebuli erTeule bis reorganizacia
Page 342 and 343: dacvisa da restavraci is pirveli na
Page 344 and 345: a mainc tardeba, Zala da ener gia a
Page 346 and 347: sxva mizezebis gamo, Senobebi, maT
Page 348 and 349: iyo. amis erTi axsna agrarul sazoga
Page 350 and 351: formebs da gamoxatvis xilul, Tu uxi
Page 352 and 353: aJebis dacvaSi Tavdacvis saministro
Page 354 and 355: Tavdapirveli fragmentebi TavTavianT
Page 356 and 357: uni versitetisTvis gadasacemad iqna
Page 358 and 359: adamianTa sicocxlis da qonebis didm
Page 360 and 361: traliis iComos-is mier 1979 wels da
Page 362 and 363: sur. 9.46 spontanurad gaSenebuli `j
Page 364 and 365: gracias niSnavs; es ki mo i T xovs
Page 366 and 367: kur konteqstTan maTi mimarTebiT, av
Page 368 and 369: maritobas gamokveTs. am Tvalsazrisi
Page 370 and 371: obis gan sazRvreba memkvidreobis ob
Page 372 and 373: eb, maTi kon servaciisTvis sa Wiro
Page 374 and 375: 10.2 ganxorcielebuli zegavlena saer
Page 376 and 377: kuri swraf va, romelTaTvis restavra
Page 378 and 379: mqone da sarwmuno dokumentacias dam
Page 380 and 381: IV saukune XVI saukune restavraciam
Page 382 and 383: fineTis laplandiis sodan ki las Zve
Page 386 and 387: Tos. arsebuli fragmen tebis wardgen
Page 388 and 389: a da teqnikuri Carevis ise Camal va
Page 390 and 391: Zirs uTxris qalaquri kvartalebisa d
Page 392 and 393: ls, romelSic istoriuli komponentebi
Page 394 and 395: ebs ekisreboda, axla aseTi viTareba
Page 396 and 397: Ceuli bibliografia kulturuli memkvi
Page 398 and 399: Ceuli bibliografia 397 Beltrami, L.
Page 400 and 401: Brandi, C. 1991. Celso o della Poes
Page 402 and 403: Clark, K. 1974. The Gothic Revival,
Page 404 and 405: Del Bufalo. A. 1982. Gustavo Giovan
Page 406 and 407: in das erste Drittels des 20. Jahrh
Page 408 and 409: Giovannoni, G. 1996. Dal capitello
Page 410 and 411: Ceuli bibliografia 409 Hosmer, C.B.
Page 412 and 413: Kadatz, H-J. 1981. “Karl Friedric
Page 414 and 415: Lucangeli, C. 1845. Il Colosseo di
Page 416 and 417: Morris, W. 1877. The Decorative Art
Page 418 and 419: Ceuli bibliografia 417 Pevsner, N.
Page 420 and 421: RIBA, 1865. Conservation of Ancient
Page 422 and 423: Ceuli bibliografia 421 Schreiner, L
Page 424 and 425: The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1
Page 426 and 427: Viollet-le-Duc, E. 1875. On Restora
Page 428 and 429: Ceuli periodika Αvαγκε (Anagke
Page 430 and 431: ainzidelis fon, grafi (von Einsidel
Page 432 and 433: aumgarteni aleqsander gotlib (Baumg
Page 434 and 435:
angelo) _ 42, 43, 49, 52, 55, 56, 5
Page 436 and 437:
_ 108, 110, 111, 112, 120 (kamil ba
Page 438 and 439:
erayi (Iraq) _ 374, 382, 384 erdmad
Page 440 and 441:
vitale jiovan franCesko (Vitale, Gi
Page 442 and 443:
kampania (Campania) _ 276 kamporezi
Page 444 and 445:
peror) _ 18, 19, 43 konstantinopoli
Page 446 and 447:
lYqsemburgi (Luxembourg) _ 12 lobko
Page 448 and 449:
maqsime, filosofosi (Maximus, Philo
Page 450 and 451:
ninevia (Ninevite) _ 217 nicSe frid
Page 452 and 453:
parizi, sen-Jermen-de-preze (Paris,
Page 454 and 455:
221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228,
Page 456 and 457:
omi, markus avreliusis sveti (Rome,
Page 458 and 459:
ubiani alfonso (Rubbiani, Alfonso)
Page 460 and 461:
stYuarti jeimz (Stuart, James) _ 72
Page 462 and 463:
uqsmali (Uxmal) _ 302, 303 favreto
Page 464 and 465:
SvedeTi (Sweden) _ 23, 34, 63, 67,
Page 466:
helsinki (Helsinki) _ 12, 313 helbe
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arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

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