arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia
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arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

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`De re aedificatoria~, laTinurad 1443-1452<br />

wlebSi dawerili da misi gardacvalebis<br />

mere, 1485 wels das tambuli. traqtatis<br />

forma mas vitruviusma STaagona, misganve<br />

modis faqtobrivi cnobebi samSeneblo<br />

teqnikaze, magram mas platoni,<br />

pliniu si, aristotele da Tukididec<br />

waukiTxavs, iSveliebs is italiisa da<br />

centraluri evropis antikuri Zeglebis<br />

sakuTar anazomebsac. maTemati kiT dainteresebidan<br />

gamomdinare, man SeimuSava<br />

rukebis gamoxazvis we si (centralur<br />

wertilTan Sefardebuli ori polaruli<br />

koordina tiT) da moamzada romis<br />

ruka, sadac amosavali wertili kapitoliumis<br />

bor c via (gamoqveynebulia 1450<br />

wels wignSi `Descriptio urbis romae~).<br />

ZvelTa magaliTis, mcodneTa rCevis,<br />

mudmivi praqtikis wyalobiT dagrovebuli<br />

codnis kvalad Camoqnili kanonebi<br />

_ ai, ra aris Txzule bis ZiriTadi<br />

saTqmeli. albertis afiqrebda ariqteqturis<br />

xarisxi da is gvarigebs, proeqtebis<br />

momzadebas yuradReba ar davakloT.<br />

mas esmo da, rom didmasStabovan mSeneblobas<br />

adamianis cxovreba SeiZlebda<br />

arc yofnoda da is gvTavazobs, rom<br />

visac nagebobis gagrZeleba daevala, is<br />

guldagul gasinjos da kargad gaugos,<br />

raTa `ar dacildes momgonis Canafiqrs~<br />

da ar waaxdinos kargad dawyebuli<br />

nawarmoebi. saamisod man Tavad kargi<br />

magaliTi mogvca harmoniulad ganasrula<br />

ra fasadi flo renciis XII saukuneSi<br />

agebuli santa maria novelas eklesiisa.<br />

arqiteqturam, albertis Tanaxmad,<br />

sami mTavari moTxovna unda da akma<br />

yofilos: is unda iyos funqciuri,<br />

rac SeiZleba myari da gamZle, formiT<br />

ki moxdenili da saamo. mSveniereba mis<br />

TvalSi ram naSenSi Si na ganad myofi iyo,<br />

msgavsad harmoniisa musikaSi, ase rom<br />

<strong>arqiteqturis</strong> nawarmoebi mTlianobaSi<br />

ufro Tavisuflad da harmoniulad,<br />

Tanaxmie rad isunTqebs. xSirad sadagi<br />

masala, jerovnad moxmarebuli, ufro<br />

siZveleTa xelaxali aRmoCena 45<br />

ha r moniuli aris xolme, vidre wesis miudevnelad<br />

naxmari Zvirfasi masa lebi.<br />

iregularuli qviT nagebi, mokrZalebuli<br />

sasoflo saxli Tavis TavSi harmoniuli<br />

iyo da, sazogadodac, kerZo saxlebs,<br />

ase gvirCevs al berti, mokrZaleba<br />

SeSvenis.<br />

albertis bunebaze dakvirvebis swamda<br />

da nagebobebs bunebiT or ga nizmebad<br />

xedavda, romlebSic yovelive erTmaneTs<br />

racionalurad, swo ri proporciebiT<br />

ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, axali<br />

elementis damate bi sas pativi unda<br />

mivagoT organul mTels, konstruqciuladac<br />

da es Te tikuradac. amgvari<br />

midgoma Sua saukuneebis nagebobebzec<br />

ki vrcel deboda, rogorc santa maria<br />

novelas SemTxvevaSi, sadac forma ise<br />

mogvagonebs Tavdapirvel koncefcias,<br />

rom mogviano istorikosebi karga xans<br />

uaryofdnen albertis avtorobas (milicia,<br />

katremeri).<br />

is dabejiTebiT ambobs, rom arqiteqtors<br />

samSeneblo xarvezTa kar gad codnac<br />

esaWiroeba; zustad eqimiviT, man<br />

unda amoicnos sneu leba, raTa gankurnos<br />

igi. xarvezebis mizezi SeiZleba<br />

garegani iyos an Tavad naSenis SigniT<br />

warmosdges. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi,<br />

masze arqiteqto ria pasuxismgebeli. meore<br />

mxriv, ganmartavs igi, Cven yvelani<br />

bunebis nawili da mokvdavni varT; umtkices<br />

masalasac ki anadgurebs mze Tu<br />

grili Crdili, yinva Tu qarebi, rom aRara<br />

vTqvaT iseT ubedurebebze, rogoricaa<br />

mexi, miwisZvra da wyaldidoba.<br />

xarvezebi, romelTa gamosworeba<br />

restavracias SeuZlia traqta tis meaTe<br />

wignis sagania. alberti mTeliT iwyebs<br />

da wvrilmanebze Sem d gom inacvlebs:<br />

TavSi saubari qalaqsa da mis sanaxebzea.<br />

TxuTmeti Ta vi sazogado sakiTxebs exeba,<br />

mag., kanalizacias, hidroinJinerias,<br />

kul tivacias. mxolod bolo Tavi<br />

eZRvneba iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa<br />

Sida garemo, nagebobidan mcenareulis

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