arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia
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arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

arqiteqturis konservaciis istoria Yuka Yokileto - Ancient Georgia

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48 <strong>arqiteqturis</strong> <strong>konservaciis</strong> <strong>istoria</strong><br />

midgoma gaxldaT. leonardom sakiTxs<br />

`eqim-arqiteqtoris~ kuTxiT Sexeda da<br />

irwmuneboda, proeqtis safuZve li arsebuli<br />

Senobis mdgomareobisa da formis<br />

amomwuravi codna unda iyos, raTa gamoirkves,<br />

rogor unda zidos man axali<br />

naSeni da sxvada sxva gadawyvetas Tavazobda.<br />

Tu leonardo da franCesko di<br />

jorjo oq to gons emxrobodnen, bramante<br />

mxars kvadratul moxazulobas uWerda,<br />

mas ufro gamosadegad, kaTedralis<br />

saerTo saxis Sesatyvisad Tvlida; oqtogoni<br />

ver Seegueba nagebobis formismier<br />

moTxovnebs. goTuri kon st ruqcia,<br />

TavisTavad, msubuqia da mSvenierebis<br />

kriteriumis dasakmayo fi leb lad, axali<br />

naSeni Tavdapirvel mTelTan harmoniaSi<br />

unda moviy va noT.<br />

XV saukunis sigrZeze arqiteqturuli<br />

traqtatebi literaturul-humanisturi<br />

xasiaTisaa; XVI saukuneSi isini<br />

ufro viwrod-arqiteqtu ru lia, maxvili<br />

axla dasuraTebaze, praqtikosTaTvis<br />

saWiro `ana-bana ze~ daismis. aseTia, gansakuTrebiT,<br />

jakopo baroci vinYolas<br />

xuTi or de ris wesebi, pirvelad 1562<br />

wels gamocemuli da andrea paladios<br />

1570 wlis `oTxi wigni <strong>arqiteqturis</strong><br />

Sesaxeb~. paladios manamde monawileo ba<br />

hqonda miRebuli vitruviusis daniele<br />

barbaroseuli, 1556 wlis ga mocemis dasuraTebaSi<br />

da antikuri nagebobebis<br />

Tavisi farTo codnac ukve gamoeyenebina<br />

1554 wels romis siZveleTa mokle<br />

megzuris, `antichita di roma~, dasawerad,<br />

romelmac Secvala arazusti, xSirad<br />

legendaruli cnobebis Se m cveli, XII<br />

saukunis `mirabilia urbis romae~ (qalaq<br />

romis sak virveleba ni).<br />

gamosaqveyneblad masalas ori odnav<br />

ufrosi arqiteqtori, romSi XVI saukunis<br />

dasawyisSi momuSave baldasare peruci<br />

da sebastiano se r lioc amzadebdnen.<br />

perucim es veRar gaakeTa da serliom<br />

misi masa le bis nawili gamoiyena Tavisi<br />

SromisTvis `Svidi wigni <strong>arqiteqturis</strong><br />

Se sa xeb~, romelic rveulebad 1537 wlis<br />

aqeT gamodioda, erTobiT ki 1584-Si<br />

daibeWda. meSvide wignSi is warmogvidgens<br />

mTel rig winadade bebs an tikuri<br />

nagebobebidan Sesyiduli Tu gaTxrisas<br />

napovni svetebisa Tu sxva elementebis<br />

xelaxali moxmarebis Taobaze. mas moyavs<br />

sxvada sxva zomisa da orderis svetebis<br />

sasaxleebisa da saxlebis fasadebis-<br />

Tvis morgebis magaliTebi. aqvs mas winadadebebi<br />

Suasaukunovani nagebo be bis<br />

modernizaciis, qalaqebisTvis Cveuli<br />

iregularuli monakveTebis ufro regularuli<br />

ieris miniWebis mimarTulebiT;<br />

mas moaqvs magaliTe bi, ro gor moxda<br />

Senobebis regularulad gadaqceva arsebuli<br />

nakveTis Sig niTa Tu mezoblebTan<br />

an qalaqTan miwis gacvlis xarjze.<br />

Tu `mo der nizebul~ konteqstSi calad<br />

goTuri nagebobaa darCenili, is gvTava<br />

zobs, garemosTan harmonizaciisTvis,<br />

misi fasadi centruli, orderu li formiT<br />

SevcvaloT. sxva SemTxvevaSi, sadac<br />

mflobelma ori, erTmane Tis gverdiT<br />

mdgomi, damoukidebeli nageboba iyida,<br />

mTlian moculo bas axali, klasikuri<br />

yaidis fasadi da centraluri Sesasvleli<br />

gau keT da, mis miRma ki arsebuli<br />

naSenoba darCa.<br />

am saxelmZRvanelomaca da sxva<br />

traqtatebmac kidev meti gasaqani mis ca<br />

arsebuli nagebobebis axali renesansuli<br />

esTetikuri kriteriume bis Sesabamisad<br />

gardasaxvis isedac farTo praqtikasac<br />

da antikuri masalis mSeneblobisas axlad<br />

gamoyenebasac. meore mxriv, es traqtatebi<br />

myari safuZveli iyo funqciurada da<br />

gaazrebulad mSeneblobis we sis gansavi-<br />

Tareblad da isini XIX saukuneSic ki<br />

mSenebelTaTvis sauke Teso gzisgamkvlevi<br />

rCeboda. radgan antikuri nagebobebi<br />

kvlavac axa l mSe neblobaTaTvis<br />

qvissamtexloebi iyo, es traqtatebic<br />

ramdenadme age binebda xelisufalT, gaecaT<br />

maTi dacvis gankarguleba; gamoCenili<br />

arqiteqtorebi _ Tundac alberti,

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