the-book-of-enoch-r-h-charles - Fallen Angels

180 The Booh of Enoch [Sect, iv
' windows of the east ' ; a term that is never used of the sun in 1-36,
nor in 72-82 : see 83" (note). ' Windows ' has a different reference
altogether: see 72^ (note). (2) In 84* 'the great day of judge-
ment' = Deluge; in 1-36 and 91-104 always = final judgement:
see 84* (note). (3) The account of the descent of the watchers in
861-3 differs from that in 6. (4) In 90" the period of the sword
is an important feature ; yet is not alluded to in 1-36. (5) The
throne of judgement is in Palestine in 902«-28 ; whereas the throne
on which God will sit when He comes to bless His people in 25^
is the centre of the Seven Mountains: see 18^ (note). (6) Appear-
ance of the Messiah emphasized in 90^^' ^' ; not alluded to in
1-36. (7) The scene of the kingdom in 83-90 is the New Jerusalem
Bet up by God Himself; in 1-36 it is Jerusalem and the entire
earth unchanged though purified, lO'^*' ^"-
(8)
Life of the members
of the Messianic kingdom is apparently unending in QO^^""^^; but
only finite in 10^' 25^. Life is transfigured by the presence of the
Messiah in 90^* in the New Jerusalem; but in 26^' ^ by the external
eating of the tree of life. (9) The picture on 83-90 is developed
and spiritual ; that in 1-36 is naive, primitive, and sensuous.
(10) 83-90 are only visions assigned to Enoch's earlier and unwedded
life ; 1-36 are accounts of actual bodily translations and
are assigned to his later life. If these two Sections were from the
same author and that an ascetic, exactly the converse would have
been the case.
On these grounds, therefore, identity of authorship seems impos-
sible ; but the similarities in phraseology and idea prove that one
of the authors had the work of the other before him. Of the two
Sections there is no room for doubt that 83-90 is the later.
(6) Relation of 83-90 to 91-104. See Special Introd. to 91-
104 (pp. 220-221).
C. The Date. The fourth period began about 200 b. c. (see
note on OO""-''' pp. 206 sqq.) and marks the transition of supremacy
over Israel from the Graeco-Egyptians to the Graeco- Syrians, as
well as the rise of the Chasids. The Chasids, symbolized by the
lambs that are born to the white sheep, 90", are already an organized
party in the Maccabean revolt, 90"^'' (note). The lambs that become
horned are the Maccabean family, and the great horn is Judas
Maccabeus, 90^ (note). As this great horn is still warring at
the close of the rule of the twelve shepherds, 90^", this Section must
have been Avritten before the death of Judas, 161 B.C., possibly
before his purification of the temple.