NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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‘(eksamens)bevis for gennemført ...-uddannelse’ The certificate states the title awarded. II.3.2. Final university qualifications Degree studies In recent years Denmark has adopted a somewhat Anglo-American structure by introducing the Bachelor’s and PhD degrees. Thus, a university course will normally consist of a three-year Bachelor’s degree course in one or two subject fields which may be followed by a two-year course leading to a candidatus degree (Master’s degree). The study programmes for the Bachelor’s degree include project work corresponding to a minimum of two months’ full-time work. Certain programmes may be extended by a six-month professionally oriented module and thus last three and a half years. The programmes for the candidatus degree nearly always include six months to one year’s work on a thesis. Within a few disciplines (i.e. medicine, pharmacy and veterinary medicine) there are no Bachelor’s degrees but solely the candidatus degree after five to six and a half years of study. The integration of teaching and research is a fundamental principle for all universities. This is meant to ensure high standards in all programmes. The humanities also offer a special six-year degree course (mag.art.) concentrated in one subject. The Bachelor’s degree and the candidatus programmes offered by the universities in Aalborg and Roskilde begin with a oneor two-year basic course in either humanities, social, technical or natural sciences. The studies at these universities are characterised by an interdisciplinary, problem-oriented approach. PhD studies Three years of supervised postgraduate studies after the candidatus degree lead to a PhD degree. A PhD degree is awarded in recognition of the fact that the recipient has successfully completed a PhD programme and by means of a dissertation has demonstrated a capacity to carry out a scientific project involving independent application of the scientific methodology of the field in question, thereby contributing to research at a level corresponding to the international standards of a PhD degree in that field. Danish PhD studies were restructured in 1993. The government lays down the overall framework of the PhD studies to ensure a general meas- ure of quality but it is left to the Danish universities to design their own specific PhD programmes, matching the special competences, needs and traditions of the universities. Thus, each university has outlined its own specific PhD programmes which again may be divided into a number of PhD study programmes that may all have their own particular requirements as to enrolment and course of study. The typical programme now consists of three years of studies following a five-year candidatus degree or an equivalent degree. Individual PhD programmes must include: a scientific project (i.e. the PhD thesis) involving independent application of the scientific methodology of the relevant field; participation in research courses and seminars corresponding to approximately six months’ work; mobility to ensure integration in two or more active research groups or networks. Mobility abroad is given high priority; experience in teaching or other kinds of communication of research results; defence in public of the PhD thesis.
Before 1988, the name of the PhD degree was the licentiat degree. For mature researchers, it is possible to obtain the traditional, higher Danish doctoral degree (dr.phil., dr.scient., etc.) after a minimum of five to eight years’ individual and original research.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
Page 61 and 62: Lectures left to the choice of the
Page 63 and 64: Candidates for higher education who
Page 65 and 66: Belgium (Flemish Community)
Page 67 and 68: IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
Page 69 and 70: Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
Page 71 and 72: II. Higher education in the Flemish
Page 73 and 74: 16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
Page 75 and 76: II.3. Organisation of courses of st
Page 77 and 78: The student is examined in each sub
Page 79 and 80: Individual universities can decide
Page 81 and 82: Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
Page 83 and 84: (b) the specialisation courses are
Page 85 and 86: This is a form of higher education
Page 87 and 88: Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
Page 89 and 90: industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
Page 91 and 92: Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
Page 93 and 94: Denmark
Page 95 and 96: Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
Page 97 and 98: College of nutrition and home econo
Page 99 and 100: Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
Page 101 and 102: Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
Page 103 and 104: The multifaculty universities are t
Page 105 and 106: I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
Page 107 and 108: Marks and examinations Generally, m
Page 109 and 110: The higher commercial examination c
Page 111: It is possible to change to courses
Page 115 and 116: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 117 and 118: IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
Page 119 and 120: Bibliography Publications in Englis
Page 121 and 122: Appendix II Danish non-university h
Page 123 and 124: Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
Page 125 and 126: Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
Page 127 and 128: Second main subject chosen freely f
Page 129 and 130: Cand.scient. study programmes The c
Page 131 and 132: Chartered accountants, sworn interp
Page 133 and 134: Finland
Page 135 and 136: Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
Page 137 and 138: I. Higher education system In Finla
Page 139 and 140: All these 20 universities undertake
Page 141 and 142: At the end of 1995 the total number
Page 143 and 144: Non-university higher education In
Page 145 and 146: Each test in the new examination is
Page 147 and 148: New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
Page 149 and 150: The graduates can use two kinds of
Page 151 and 152: III. Special types and forms of qua
Page 153 and 154: Engineer second class (konemestari/
Page 155 and 156: Diagram of the education system in
Page 157 and 158: Appendix I List of qualifications i
Page 159 and 160: Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
Page 161 and 162: Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
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Students complete part of the pract
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I.3.2. University higher education
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All students are taught the same su
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Candidates’ entry into higher edu
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II.3.2. Final university qualificat
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Diagram of the Greek educational sy
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Iceland
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III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
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Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
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I. Higher education system Accordin
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The non-university higher education
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At the end of the 10th grade all pu
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II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
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The university higher education ins
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Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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Diagram of the Icelandic education
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Appendix I Final qualifications Non
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Appendix II Final qualifications Un
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Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
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Management Department (Rekstrardeil
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Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
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Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
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Modular credit system An approach t
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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There are eight colleges of educati
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Most courses are taught but many po
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An undifferentiated Class II grade
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the senior trade certificate of the
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Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
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Bibliography Central applications o
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Appendix I Samples of study program
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foundations of public administratio
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studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
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Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
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National University of Ireland Mast
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Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
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Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
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I. The higher education system In t
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At present, there are two official
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With reference to university autono
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(c) Schools for midwives University
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The curricula of a few CLs include
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II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
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The examinations are administered b
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The said examination might therefor
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(a) SS courses They are all subject
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According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
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Diagram of the Italian education sy
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Glossary Abitur Official certificat
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Internationale Akademie für Philos
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The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
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Diagram of study programmes in Liec
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Glossary Certificat Generally used
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The one institution providing post-
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Each academic year at the CC is con
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
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II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
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The study programme of the Departme
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Bibliography Structures et programm
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Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
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Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
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The discipline of theology is not o
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The length of the practical trainin
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These types of school award the fol
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Orientational Within the chosen fie
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II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
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Post-doctorale professional program
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3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
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National Service for the Inspection
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Diagram of the Dutch education syst
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Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
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I. Higher education system Through
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Numbers of students from EU Member
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I.4.2. International credit transfe
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The majority of the shorter, non-un
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Graduate degree studies may be expa
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Diagram of the Norwegian education
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Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
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University of Tromsø This universi
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Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
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The college sector Degrees awarded:
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Real estate agent Competent body: T
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Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
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I. Higher education system The gene
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Courses may run for a year, for sem
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The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
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II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
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The Universidade Católica Portugue
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
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Colleges and institutes sometimes o
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No distinction is made in the UK be
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The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
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Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
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Diagram of the educational system i
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Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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