NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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III. Special types and forms of final qualifications in higher education There are no special types or forms of final qualifications in higher education.
IV. Regulated professions under EU directives IV.1. Sectoral directives The sectoral approach has two variants. The first is in effect a harmonisation approach, and it has been applied to doctors, dentists, nurses, midwives, veterinary surgeons and pharmacists. The harmonisation approach works in the following way. A directive specifies certain minimum criteria which training for the profession in question must meet in all Member States. Member States are required to restrict the activity to those holding a qualification which meets the harmonised standard. Any person who holds the qualification awarded in a Member State is entitled to have it recognised as equipping him or her to practise the profession in all other Member States. The other approach is known as ‘mutual recognition’. There is one sectoral directive of this type covering architectural qualifications. The directive requires Member States to recognise any architectural qualification of university degree standard gained in another Member State, provided it covers certain areas specified in the directive and provided it is of a specified minimum duration. However, unlike the harmonisation directives, it does not specify minimum criteria for the required areas of training. Since 1975, the following sectoral directives have been adopted. Doctors Directive 75/362/EEC of 16 June 1975 (entered into force on 16 December 1976). Nurses responsible for general care Directive 77/452/EEC of 27 June 1977 (entered into force on 27 June 1979). Dental practitioners Directive 78/1026/EEC of 18 December 1978 (entered into force on 18 December 1980). Veterinary surgeons Directive 78/1026/EEC of 18 December 1978 (entered into force on 18 December 1980). Midwives Directive 80/154/EEC of 21 January 1980 (entered into force on 21 January 1983). Architects Directive 85/384/EEC of 21 August 1985 (entered into force on 10 June 1987). Pharmacists Directive 85/443/EEC of 16 September 1985 (entered into force on 1 October 1987). General practitioners Directive 93/16/EEC of 5 April 1993 entered into force 1 January 1995.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
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Students complete part of the pract
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I.3.2. University higher education
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All students are taught the same su
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Candidates’ entry into higher edu
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II.3.2. Final university qualificat
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Diagram of the Greek educational sy
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Iceland
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III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
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Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
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I. Higher education system Accordin
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The non-university higher education
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At the end of the 10th grade all pu
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II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
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The university higher education ins
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Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
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Diagram of the Icelandic education
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Appendix I Final qualifications Non
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Appendix II Final qualifications Un
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Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
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Management Department (Rekstrardeil
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Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
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Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
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Modular credit system An approach t
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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There are eight colleges of educati
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Most courses are taught but many po
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An undifferentiated Class II grade
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the senior trade certificate of the
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Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
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Bibliography Central applications o
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Appendix I Samples of study program
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foundations of public administratio
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studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
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Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
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National University of Ireland Mast
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Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
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Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
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I. The higher education system In t
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At present, there are two official
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With reference to university autono
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(c) Schools for midwives University
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The curricula of a few CLs include
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II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
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The examinations are administered b
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The said examination might therefor
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(a) SS courses They are all subject
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According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
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Diagram of the Italian education sy
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Glossary Abitur Official certificat
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Internationale Akademie für Philos
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The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
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Diagram of study programmes in Liec
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Glossary Certificat Generally used
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The one institution providing post-
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Each academic year at the CC is con
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
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II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
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The study programme of the Departme
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Bibliography Structures et programm
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Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
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Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
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The discipline of theology is not o
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The length of the practical trainin
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These types of school award the fol
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Orientational Within the chosen fie
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II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
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Post-doctorale professional program
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3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
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National Service for the Inspection
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Diagram of the Dutch education syst
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Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
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I. Higher education system Through
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Numbers of students from EU Member
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I.4.2. International credit transfe
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The majority of the shorter, non-un
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Graduate degree studies may be expa
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Diagram of the Norwegian education
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Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
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University of Tromsø This universi
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Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
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The college sector Degrees awarded:
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Real estate agent Competent body: T
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Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
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I. Higher education system The gene
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Courses may run for a year, for sem
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The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
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II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
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The Universidade Católica Portugue
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
Page 522 and 523: Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
Page 524 and 525: Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
Page 526 and 527: Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
Page 528 and 529: Qualified as associate professor. D
Page 530 and 531: Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
Page 532 and 533: Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
Page 534 and 535: Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
Page 536 and 537: Thus, there is no distinction betwe
Page 538 and 539: Before 1993, there were about 100 g
Page 540 and 541: II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
Page 542 and 543: General degrees A new kind of högs
Page 544 and 545: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 546 and 547: Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
Page 548 and 549: Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
Page 550 and 551: In addition to these degrees of at
Page 552 and 553: • Around four months of practical
Page 554 and 555: Contents Abbreviations 831 Glossary
Page 556 and 557: Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
Page 558 and 559: Undergraduate One who has matricula
Page 560 and 561: While these institutions have much
Page 562 and 563: II. Qualifications and diplomas The
Page 564 and 565: European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
Page 566 and 567: Colleges and institutes sometimes o
Page 568 and 569: No distinction is made in the UK be
Page 570 and 571: The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
Page 574 and 575: The Council also agreed a directive
Page 576 and 577: Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
Page 578 and 579: Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
Page 580 and 581: Diagram of the educational system i
Page 582 and 583: Appendix I General certificate of s
Page 584 and 585: Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
Page 586 and 587: Appendix III Degree structure: trad
Page 588 and 589: Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
Page 590 and 591: Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
Page 592 and 593: Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
Page 594 and 595: Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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