NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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II.3.3. Academic recognition of final qualifications in higher education for purposes of further study In almost every discipline, after the doctoraal and HBO examinations, post-degree courses are offered by universities and hogescholen. Depending on the discipline, graduates of universities and hogescholen are eligible for admission to post-degree courses, which may vary in length from several weeks to several years. The WHW brought about important changes in the organisation of post-degree programmes, changes which will primarily affect the post-HBO programmes in fine arts and architecture, and the university programmes in medicine, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and dentistry. These changes will, however, not be noticeable until 1998 and after. The information contained in this chapter describes the current programmes, some of which are being phased out in their current form. The getuigschrift hoger beroepsonderwijs (higher professional education degree) The HBO degree gives admission to post-HBO courses and, provided the student’s performance and any work or research experience warrants it, to post-doctoraal courses at universities as well. Post-HBO courses provide advanced professional training, refresher courses, or custom-made courses designed to meet the specific needs of a particular group. A common characteristic of most post-HBO programmes is the emphasis on practical application of the material. The majority of these programmes are not funded by the Dutch Government, nor are they regulated by the WHW. Post-HBO programmes in the fine and performing arts and in architecture are the only ones regulated by the WHW. According to the WHW, post-HBO programmes in fine and performing arts may contain a maximum of 84 credits (two years); those in architecture must contain a total of 168 credits (four years). It should be mentioned that current post-HBO programmes in architecture which are being phased out last six years part-time. A separate category of post-HBO programmes is made up of the growing number of Master’s degree programmes offered at hogescholen, in most cases in conjunction with a foreign institution. To guarantee a certain standard of quality, a Dutch Validation Council is being founded which is to inspect and approve HBO Master’s programmes. In addition, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science stated in its higher education and research policy plan of 1995 that hogescholen may obtain State recognition for professional Master’s programmes that meet the ministry’s criteria. The doctoraal diploma The following post-doctoraal and professional programmes are offered after the doctoraal examination: one-year university teacher training programmes; a wide variety of short-term post-degree courses (recurrent education) for the purpose of upgrading professional expertise; longer-term research programmes; four-year research programmes leading to the promotie; advanced professional training in medicine, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and dentistry. (Under the WHW these courses are no longer officially post-doctoraal courses, but doctoraal courses with a longer duration. New-style diplomas will not be issued until 1998/99.) Of these courses, only the four-year researcher’s course (AIO) leads to a title, that of doctor (dr.). A diploma is presented at the end of the other courses. University teacher training courses Post-doctoraal teacher training courses are offered by the universities and are financed by the government. To qualify for admission, students must complete a doctoraal programme which includes an orientation course of two months in preparation for the post-doctoraal course. The course leads to the so-called eerstegraadsbevoegdheid. This means that one is fully qualified to teach in all classes of general and vocational secondary education and in HBO. This qualification only applies to the subject which was studied during the doctoraal programme.
The course lasts for one year, half of which consists of a period of practical training in a school for VWO. Teachers at the VWO school as well as faculty members at the university function as the student’s supervisors at this stage. The student must spend at least 120 hours in teaching practice. Promotie The promotie is the procedure by which those who have fulfilled all the requirements of the doctorate are awarded the degree of doctor. Most candidates are appointed as research assistant at a university for a period of four years, and are known as either assistent in opleiding (AIO) or onderzoeker in opleiding (OIO). There are a limited number of research assistantships available at each university, and admission is extremely competitive.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
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Students complete part of the pract
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I.3.2. University higher education
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All students are taught the same su
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Candidates’ entry into higher edu
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II.3.2. Final university qualificat
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Diagram of the Greek educational sy
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Iceland
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III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
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Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
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I. Higher education system Accordin
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The non-university higher education
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At the end of the 10th grade all pu
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II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
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The university higher education ins
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Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
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Diagram of the Icelandic education
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Appendix I Final qualifications Non
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Appendix II Final qualifications Un
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Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
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Management Department (Rekstrardeil
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Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
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Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
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Modular credit system An approach t
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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There are eight colleges of educati
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Most courses are taught but many po
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An undifferentiated Class II grade
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the senior trade certificate of the
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Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
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Bibliography Central applications o
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Appendix I Samples of study program
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foundations of public administratio
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studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
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Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
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National University of Ireland Mast
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Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
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Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
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I. The higher education system In t
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At present, there are two official
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With reference to university autono
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(c) Schools for midwives University
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The curricula of a few CLs include
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II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
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The examinations are administered b
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The said examination might therefor
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(a) SS courses They are all subject
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According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
Page 372: Diagram of the Italian education sy
Page 375 and 376: Contents Abbreviations 640 Glossary
Page 377 and 378: Glossary Abitur Official certificat
Page 379 and 380: Internationale Akademie für Philos
Page 381 and 382: II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
Page 383 and 384: The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
Page 385 and 386: Diagram of study programmes in Liec
Page 389 and 390: Glossary Certificat Generally used
Page 391 and 392: The one institution providing post-
Page 393 and 394: Each academic year at the CC is con
Page 395 and 396: II. Qualifications and diplomas The
Page 397 and 398: The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
Page 399 and 400: II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
Page 401 and 402: The study programme of the Departme
Page 403 and 404: Bibliography Structures et programm
Page 408 and 409: Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
Page 410 and 411: Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
Page 412 and 413: The discipline of theology is not o
Page 414 and 415: The length of the practical trainin
Page 416 and 417: II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
Page 418 and 419: These types of school award the fol
Page 420 and 421: Orientational Within the chosen fie
Page 424 and 425: Post-doctorale professional program
Page 426 and 427: 3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
Page 428 and 429: National Service for the Inspection
Page 430 and 431: Diagram of the Dutch education syst
Page 434 and 435: Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
Page 436 and 437: I. Higher education system Through
Page 438 and 439: Numbers of students from EU Member
Page 440 and 441: I.4.2. International credit transfe
Page 442 and 443: The majority of the shorter, non-un
Page 444 and 445: Graduate degree studies may be expa
Page 446 and 447: Diagram of the Norwegian education
Page 448 and 449: Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
Page 450 and 451: University of Tromsø This universi
Page 452 and 453: Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
Page 454 and 455: The college sector Degrees awarded:
Page 456 and 457: Real estate agent Competent body: T
Page 458 and 459: Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
Page 460 and 461: I. Higher education system The gene
Page 462 and 463: Courses may run for a year, for sem
Page 464 and 465: The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
Page 466 and 467: II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
Page 468 and 469: The Universidade Católica Portugue
Page 470 and 471: III. Special types and forms of fin
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
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Colleges and institutes sometimes o
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No distinction is made in the UK be
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The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
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Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
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Diagram of the educational system i
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Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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