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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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Glossary<br />

Ab <strong>in</strong>itio<br />

Literally, ‘from <strong>the</strong> beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g’; for <strong>in</strong>stance, a nati<strong>on</strong>al diploma course which is of three years’ durati<strong>on</strong> and does not require<br />

candidates for admissi<strong>on</strong> to hold a relevant nati<strong>on</strong>al certificate.<br />

Academic aut<strong>on</strong>omy<br />

The freedom of staff <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> of higher educati<strong>on</strong> to carry out teach<strong>in</strong>g and research with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir field of study without<br />

external<br />

<strong>in</strong>terference.<br />

Academic standards<br />

Standards which must be met if <strong>the</strong> student is to be successful <strong>in</strong> ga<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g admissi<strong>on</strong> to, or pass<strong>in</strong>g, a course of higher<br />

educati<strong>on</strong>.<br />

Academic year<br />

The annual period <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong> work of higher educati<strong>on</strong> takes place. It is divided <strong>in</strong>to three terms, or two semesters.<br />

Certificate<br />

Award granted usually after successful completi<strong>on</strong> of a course of <strong>on</strong>e or two years’ study <strong>in</strong> higher educati<strong>on</strong>.<br />

Compulsory subject<br />

Subjects which all students are obliged to study <strong>in</strong> order to meet <strong>the</strong> requirements of a course.<br />

C<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g educati<strong>on</strong><br />

Educati<strong>on</strong>al programmes designed by higher level <strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>s to provide upgrad<strong>in</strong>g of qualificati<strong>on</strong>s or additi<strong>on</strong>al courses.<br />

C<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>uous assessment<br />

Assessment of a student’s achievement <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> basis of work d<strong>on</strong>e throughout <strong>the</strong> course of study <strong>in</strong>stead of merely at its<br />

c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>.

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