NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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The laurea is an exclusively academic qualification. To practise one of the self-employed professions or to enter certain careers in the civil service laurea holders have additionally to pass specific State examinations. Third university level (a) Diploma di specialista This is a third level degree awarded at the end of postgraduate courses run by SS (specialisation schools). SS diplomas confer on their holders the title of specialists in specific branches of their professional activities. Before obtaining the final diploma, postgraduate students must fulfil all the obligations of the SS concerned. At the end of each year they have to pass an oral comprehension examination as well as a practical test in order to qualify for promotion to the next year. Should a student fail, he or she may be granted the opportunity to repeat the final annual examination, but only once. The examiners’ board, made up of the director of the SS and the teachers of the various annual subjects, expresses an overall assessment on the level attained by the candidate in the individual theoretical disciplines as well as in the prescribed practical activities of that year. After successfully taking the theoretical-practical examination of the previous year, postgraduates must also pass the final diploma examination: it includes the defence of a dissertation which has previously been written on one or more of the subjects studied throughout the specialisation period. The grading scale used by SS teachers when assessing both their students’ yearly performance and their diploma dissertations ranges from 0 to 70, 42 being the lowest qualifying grade. (b) Titolo di dottore di ricerca At the end of each year participants in individual DR programmes have to each submit a detailed report on the studies and research activities carried out in that year. On the basis of the quality and accuracy of the report as well as continuous assessment of participants’ application and proficiency, DR teachers may suggest to the university president the exclusion of some of them from completing the programmes concerned. At the end of the whole study period, individual participants must demonstrate — by means of a final written dissertation or a graphic project — having achieved results of significant scientific value. A national board, made up of three full professors, is responsible for the assessment of the final DR dissertation. The evaluation is expressed in the form of a detailed written judgement; no numerical grade is attributed. The title of dottore di ricerca — an academic qualification valuable only in the context of scientific research — is conferred by a decree of the Minister for Universities and Scientific and Technological Research. Qualifications comparable to the research doctorate are awarded by three advanced schools with special statutes — the two higher schools in Pisa and the advanced one in Trieste — at the end of courses involving highly qualified scientific education. The quoted DPR 382/1980, under which the DR was established, makes provision for formally equating with university research doctorates the qualifications conferred by such special schools as well as those conferred by other Italian postgraduate institutions running courses similar to DR programmes. Attestato di corso di perfezionamento Attendance at a CP, along with the fulfilment of the connected academic obligations, does not result in any educational degree with legal effect. At the end of the study period, which may vary from a few months to a year, the CP director just issues an attendance certificate which cannot be regarded as a formal qualification either in connection with scientific research or for employment ends.
II.3.3. Academic recognition of final qualifications in higher education for further study An ‘in series’ two-year DU is fully recognised to enable its holder to pass on to the corresponding laurea course by joining the CL third year. All ‘in parallel’ DUs are partly recognised for enrollment in a related CL, with a reduction in the length of the CL itself (e.g. two years out of three may be recognised; recognition practice is based on the comparison of subject syllabuses, looked upon in terms of complexity, quality and quantity). Holders of university diplomas awarded by the SDAFSs may be admitted to the second year, at best, of a related CL, thus obtaining a reduction of a maximum of one year. A laurea degree is fully recognised as the basic necessary requirement for access to all postgraduate university studies such as the third level courses of scuole di specializzazione, dottorato di ricerca, corsi di perfezionamento.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
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Students complete part of the pract
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I.3.2. University higher education
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All students are taught the same su
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Candidates’ entry into higher edu
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II.3.2. Final university qualificat
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Diagram of the Greek educational sy
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Iceland
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III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
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Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
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I. Higher education system Accordin
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The non-university higher education
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At the end of the 10th grade all pu
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II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
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The university higher education ins
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Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
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Diagram of the Icelandic education
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Appendix I Final qualifications Non
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Appendix II Final qualifications Un
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Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
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Management Department (Rekstrardeil
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Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
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Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
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Modular credit system An approach t
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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There are eight colleges of educati
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Page 318 and 319: An undifferentiated Class II grade
Page 320 and 321: the senior trade certificate of the
Page 322 and 323: Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
Page 324 and 325: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 326 and 327: Bibliography Central applications o
Page 328 and 329: Appendix I Samples of study program
Page 330 and 331: foundations of public administratio
Page 332 and 333: studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
Page 334 and 335: Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
Page 336 and 337: National University of Ireland Mast
Page 338 and 339: Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
Page 340 and 341: Contents Abbreviations 464 Glossary
Page 342 and 343: Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
Page 344 and 345: I. The higher education system In t
Page 346 and 347: At present, there are two official
Page 348 and 349: With reference to university autono
Page 350 and 351: (c) Schools for midwives University
Page 352 and 353: The curricula of a few CLs include
Page 354 and 355: II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
Page 356 and 357: The examinations are administered b
Page 358 and 359: The said examination might therefor
Page 360 and 361: (a) SS courses They are all subject
Page 362 and 363: According to the old official regul
Page 364 and 365: Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
Page 368 and 369: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 370 and 371: These two-year courses which, once
Page 372: Diagram of the Italian education sy
Page 377 and 378: Glossary Abitur Official certificat
Page 379 and 380: Internationale Akademie für Philos
Page 381 and 382: II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
Page 383 and 384: The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
Page 385 and 386: Diagram of study programmes in Liec
Page 389 and 390: Glossary Certificat Generally used
Page 391 and 392: The one institution providing post-
Page 393 and 394: Each academic year at the CC is con
Page 395 and 396: II. Qualifications and diplomas The
Page 397 and 398: The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
Page 399 and 400: II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
Page 401 and 402: The study programme of the Departme
Page 403 and 404: Bibliography Structures et programm
Page 408 and 409: Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
Page 410 and 411: Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
Page 412 and 413: The discipline of theology is not o
Page 414 and 415: The length of the practical trainin
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These types of school award the fol
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Orientational Within the chosen fie
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II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
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Post-doctorale professional program
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3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
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National Service for the Inspection
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Diagram of the Dutch education syst
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Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
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I. Higher education system Through
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Numbers of students from EU Member
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I.4.2. International credit transfe
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The majority of the shorter, non-un
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Graduate degree studies may be expa
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Diagram of the Norwegian education
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Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
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University of Tromsø This universi
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Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
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The college sector Degrees awarded:
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Real estate agent Competent body: T
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Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
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I. Higher education system The gene
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Courses may run for a year, for sem
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The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
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II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
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The Universidade Católica Portugue
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
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Colleges and institutes sometimes o
Page 568 and 569:
No distinction is made in the UK be
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The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
Page 572 and 573:
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
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Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
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Diagram of the educational system i
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Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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