NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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There are eight colleges of education located throughout the country, three of which offer degree courses leading to qualification as teachers of specialised subjects at secondary school level. The five remaining colleges of education provide approved degree courses which lead to qualification as a primary school teacher. (The Education Departments in the universities each offer a one-year postgraduate diploma course in education. The award — higher diploma in education — is recognised for the purpose of teaching students at secondary level.) National Distance Education Centre (NDEC) The NDEC was established in 1982 to develop distance education programmes and is operated under the governing body of Dublin City University. Teaching programmes are provided at diploma, degree and postgraduate levels in such areas as information technology, humanities and accounting and are accredited by Dublin City University or the university which is acting as study centre. Short-term programmes in computing and continuing professional education courses are on offer and are accredited by the relevant professional bodies. Other institutes, colleges, schools Other institutions of higher education, mainly specialist in nature, also exist. The fields of study provided for, include art and design, music, business studies, accounting, professional legal studies and hotel and catering management. The institutions which do not receive State subsidy are in this sector. Forms of post-school education not previously mentioned include secretarial and office skills courses, training for the Garda Siochana (police force), and religious instruction in seminaries. A broad range of post-leaving certificate courses has emerged covering business skills, computing, languages and other related subjects. Not all of these are classified as ‘higher education’. For further details, see Section III. I.2. Number of students In 1992/93, there were 84140 full-time students in higher education in Ireland. The current rate of participation among the national 17-19 age cohort is 42%. This rate has risen sharply in the past decade and reflects the rapid growth in demand for higher education. Fees for higher education courses are, however, quite high; and a further weighting of approximately 100% is applied for students from outside the EC (1). I.3. Organisation of courses of study The academic year generally runs from September/October to finish with examinations in May or June. For some courses, final examinations are taken in September, although teaching finishes in May or June. The remainder of the time is for reading and individual study. The year is organised into three terms (trimesters) or, less commonly, two semesters.
Student statistics 1992/93 Number of persons receiving full-time education by gender and type of school or college attended Type of school or college attended Male Female Total FIRST LEVEL Aided by Department of Education: National schools: 268449 253082 521531 ordinary classes 261637 248375 510012 special schools 4977 3107 8084 special classes 1835 1600 3435 Non-aided: Private Primary Schools 4295 3985 8280 Total — First level 272744 257067 529811 SECOND LEVEL Aided by Department of Education: Junior cycle: 105556 102348 207904 secondary 59823 72327 132150 community and comprehensive 15636 12288 27924 vocational 30097 17733 47 830 Senior cycle (general): ( 1 ) 62884 65893 128777 secondary 39163 47800 86963 community and comprehensive 8200 7225 15425 vocational 15518 10840 26358 preparatory colleges 3 28 31 Senior cycle (vocational): ( 2 ) 7813 13915 21728 secondary 653 1 401 2054 community and comprehensive 722 1106 1828 vocational 6438 11 408 17846 Other courses: 228 349 577 Regional Technical Colleges 228 349 577 technology colleges — — — Aided by other departments (agriculture/defence) 1337 204 1541 Non-aided commercial 565 1138 1703 Total second jevel 178383 183847 362230 THIRD LEVEL Aided by Department of Education: HEA institutions: 22933 25191 48124 universities 22164 24376 46540 other HEA institutions 769 815 1584 Teacher training: 62 666 728 primary ( 3 ) 61 462 523 home economics 1 204 205 Vocational training: 18395 13803 32198 Regional Technical Colleges 12 990 9374 22364 other vocational technological 5405 4429 9834 Aided by Department of Defence 53 10 63 Non-aided 1 574 1453 3027 Religious institutions 574 341 915 Other 1 000 1112 2112 Total third level 43017 41123 84140 Grand total 494 144 482037 976181 ( 1 ) Includes leaving certificate, leaving certificate vocational programme, senior certificate and transition year option. ( 2 ) Includes vocational preparation and training 1 (VPT1) and post-leaving certificate (VPT2). ( 3 ) Includes students (male: 9, female: 78) of the Froebel College of Education.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
Page 264 and 265: Students complete part of the pract
Page 266 and 267: I.3.2. University higher education
Page 268 and 269: All students are taught the same su
Page 270 and 271: Candidates’ entry into higher edu
Page 272 and 273: II.3.2. Final university qualificat
Page 274 and 275: Diagram of the Greek educational sy
Page 276 and 277: Iceland
Page 278 and 279: III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
Page 280 and 281: Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
Page 282 and 283: I. Higher education system Accordin
Page 284 and 285: The non-university higher education
Page 286 and 287: At the end of the 10th grade all pu
Page 288 and 289: II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
Page 290 and 291: The university higher education ins
Page 292 and 293: Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
Page 294 and 295: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 296 and 297: Diagram of the Icelandic education
Page 298 and 299: Appendix I Final qualifications Non
Page 300 and 301: Appendix II Final qualifications Un
Page 302 and 303: Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
Page 304 and 305: Management Department (Rekstrardeil
Page 306 and 307: Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
Page 308 and 309: Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
Page 310 and 311: Modular credit system An approach t
Page 312 and 313: I. Higher education system Higher e
Page 316 and 317: Most courses are taught but many po
Page 318 and 319: An undifferentiated Class II grade
Page 320 and 321: the senior trade certificate of the
Page 322 and 323: Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
Page 324 and 325: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 326 and 327: Bibliography Central applications o
Page 328 and 329: Appendix I Samples of study program
Page 330 and 331: foundations of public administratio
Page 332 and 333: studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
Page 334 and 335: Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
Page 336 and 337: National University of Ireland Mast
Page 338 and 339: Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
Page 340 and 341: Contents Abbreviations 464 Glossary
Page 342 and 343: Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
Page 344 and 345: I. The higher education system In t
Page 346 and 347: At present, there are two official
Page 348 and 349: With reference to university autono
Page 350 and 351: (c) Schools for midwives University
Page 352 and 353: The curricula of a few CLs include
Page 354 and 355: II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
Page 356 and 357: The examinations are administered b
Page 358 and 359: The said examination might therefor
Page 360 and 361: (a) SS courses They are all subject
Page 362 and 363: According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
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Diagram of the Italian education sy
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Contents Abbreviations 640 Glossary
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Glossary Abitur Official certificat
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Internationale Akademie für Philos
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The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
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Diagram of study programmes in Liec
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Glossary Certificat Generally used
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The one institution providing post-
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Each academic year at the CC is con
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
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II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
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The study programme of the Departme
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Bibliography Structures et programm
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Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
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Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
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The discipline of theology is not o
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The length of the practical trainin
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These types of school award the fol
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Orientational Within the chosen fie
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II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
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Post-doctorale professional program
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3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
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National Service for the Inspection
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Diagram of the Dutch education syst
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Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
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I. Higher education system Through
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Numbers of students from EU Member
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I.4.2. International credit transfe
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The majority of the shorter, non-un
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Graduate degree studies may be expa
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Diagram of the Norwegian education
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Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
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University of Tromsø This universi
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Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
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The college sector Degrees awarded:
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Real estate agent Competent body: T
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Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
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I. Higher education system The gene
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Courses may run for a year, for sem
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The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
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II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
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The Universidade Católica Portugue
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
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Colleges and institutes sometimes o
Page 568 and 569:
No distinction is made in the UK be
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The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
Page 572 and 573:
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
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Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
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Diagram of the educational system i
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Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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