NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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Candidates’ entry into higher education institutions depends on the respective quotas of the institutions and is decided on the basis of their marks and their stated preference with regard to the faculties in which they wish to enrol. Their overall grades (marks) are based on the sum of their marks obtained in the examinations which consist of four general subjects which carry an equal weight in the grading process. At least one of the general subjects is defined as the ‘basic’ one for each specific faculty and the applicant must, in that subject area, achieve the required pass grade, which is defined as the half of the maximum possible grade. If this mark is not obtained, the candidate is not entitled to enrol although he/she has obtained enough marks. The paper for each subject examined is considered by two independent examiners. The grade given to each paper has a scale between 0 and 80. The final mark of the candidate for each subject is the sum of the marks given by the two examiners (maximum mark in each subject 160). The examination subjects vary according to the four streams of studies followed in the respective programme at Lykeion which permit the admission of students to the respective faculties of the higher education institutes. Each candidate is obliged to select all the subjects of one of the four streams described previously. In several departments, besides the basic examinations in general subjects, the candidate is also examined in specific subjects. Thus, for example in architectural departments, free drawing or design is also examined; in the foreign language departments the respective language is examined; in music departments, examinations are held in harmony and dictation of a musical score; while the departments of physical education and the military academies hold sport competitions. In addition to the fixed quotas, each department accepts a number of foreign students, Greeks living abroad, scholarship recipients, etc. These candidates sit different general examinations, which are held each year in September. Institutions operate a percentage quota although the examination procedure and the contents of courses examined are identical to that of the normal general examinations. The actual number of candidates admitted in each department of AEI’s and TEI’s for all the abovementioned categories are decided each year by the Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs. II.2. Intermediate qualifications in higher education According to the Greek system of higher education, no intermediate degree is awarded by the universities. Under the terms of L. 1966/1991, students studying in universities abroad can transfer a certain proportion of periods of their studies to a Greek university under specific rules. The foreign university must, however, be officially recognised by Dikatsa. Admission is only permitted to either the third or fifth semester of studies with a percentage limit of 3 and 7% respectively of the total number of students admitted to each university department under the system of general examinations. The selection procedure is based on the marks of an examination organised by the University of Thessaloniki in September each year for all Greek university departments. A similar procedure also applies for students wishing to transfer periods of their studies from one Greek university to another. In this case the respective percentage limit is 8%. II.3. Final qualifications in higher education II.3.1. Final qualifications in non-university higher education (technological educational institutions) These qualifications are awarded within a single cycle, usually lasting seven semesters (three and a half years) but in several Departments the courses last eight semesters (four years), including one semester of practical work placement under the supervision of the relevant teaching staff. The final degree (Ptychio) qualifies the holder for immediate employment in the area of his studies. The wide variety of TEI qualifications which are awarded include the following.
Degrees (Ptychia) in non-university higher education (technological educational institutions) Ptychiouhos (Graduate): Graphic arts technologist of TE Graphic designer Decorator Restorer of archaeological findings and works of art Photographer Librarian in business administration Health and care unit in administration In marketing In tourist business administration Accountant In Cooperative organisations and holdings administration Aesthetician In baby/infant care (of TE) In public hygiene Occupational therapist In medical laboratory technology Social worker Midwife Nurse Dental mechanic Optician In radiology — actinography Physiotherapist Health visitor Agricultural machinery and irrigation technologist Forester In farm management In animal breeding In glasshouse growing and floriculture Pisciculturist In crop production Automation engineer Energy technology engineer Electrical engineer Electronic engineer Electrical computer systems engineer Textile engineer Mechanical engineer Shipbuilding engineer Vehicle engineer Informatics engineer Civil engineer Civil works engineer Medical instrument engineer Petroleum engineer Topography engineer Nutrition technologist Oenologist Food technologist
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
Page 219 and 220: Grade scale The following grade sca
Page 221 and 222: The degree programme is divided int
Page 223 and 224: The individual advanced studies sub
Page 225 and 226: The advanced studies are concluded
Page 227 and 228: Stage II studies involve further co
Page 229 and 230: Training for this type of teaching
Page 231 and 232: According to an agreement by the St
Page 233 and 234: The degree programme in medicine in
Page 235 and 236: The examinee is presented with prac
Page 237 and 238: (c) On registration for the degree
Page 239 and 240: (c) The following courses are requi
Page 241 and 242: Licensing, doctoral degree, special
Page 243 and 244: An examination period is set for th
Page 245 and 246: During the placement period, it is
Page 248 and 249: Greece
Page 250 and 251: Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
Page 252 and 253: I.1. The institutions of higher edu
Page 254 and 255: Some universities, as it can be ded
Page 256 and 257: Non-university higher education in
Page 258 and 259: The objective of the academy is to
Page 260 and 261: I.3. Organisation of course of stud
Page 262 and 263: Final examinations and examination
Page 264 and 265: Students complete part of the pract
Page 266 and 267: I.3.2. University higher education
Page 268 and 269: All students are taught the same su
Page 272 and 273: II.3.2. Final university qualificat
Page 274 and 275: Diagram of the Greek educational sy
Page 276 and 277: Iceland
Page 278 and 279: III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
Page 280 and 281: Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
Page 282 and 283: I. Higher education system Accordin
Page 284 and 285: The non-university higher education
Page 286 and 287: At the end of the 10th grade all pu
Page 288 and 289: II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
Page 290 and 291: The university higher education ins
Page 292 and 293: Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
Page 294 and 295: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 296 and 297: Diagram of the Icelandic education
Page 298 and 299: Appendix I Final qualifications Non
Page 300 and 301: Appendix II Final qualifications Un
Page 302 and 303: Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
Page 304 and 305: Management Department (Rekstrardeil
Page 306 and 307: Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
Page 308 and 309: Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
Page 310 and 311: Modular credit system An approach t
Page 312 and 313: I. Higher education system Higher e
Page 314 and 315: There are eight colleges of educati
Page 316 and 317: Most courses are taught but many po
Page 318 and 319: An undifferentiated Class II grade
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the senior trade certificate of the
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Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
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Bibliography Central applications o
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Appendix I Samples of study program
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foundations of public administratio
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studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
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Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
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National University of Ireland Mast
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Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
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Contents Abbreviations 464 Glossary
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Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
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I. The higher education system In t
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At present, there are two official
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With reference to university autono
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(c) Schools for midwives University
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The curricula of a few CLs include
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II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
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The examinations are administered b
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The said examination might therefor
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(a) SS courses They are all subject
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According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
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Diagram of the Italian education sy
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Glossary Abitur Official certificat
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Internationale Akademie für Philos
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The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
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Diagram of study programmes in Liec
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Glossary Certificat Generally used
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The one institution providing post-
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Each academic year at the CC is con
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
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II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
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The study programme of the Departme
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Bibliography Structures et programm
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Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
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Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
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The discipline of theology is not o
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The length of the practical trainin
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These types of school award the fol
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Orientational Within the chosen fie
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II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
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Post-doctorale professional program
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3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
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National Service for the Inspection
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Diagram of the Dutch education syst
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Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
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I. Higher education system Through
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Numbers of students from EU Member
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I.4.2. International credit transfe
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The majority of the shorter, non-un
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Graduate degree studies may be expa
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Diagram of the Norwegian education
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Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
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University of Tromsø This universi
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Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
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The college sector Degrees awarded:
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Real estate agent Competent body: T
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Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
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I. Higher education system The gene
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Courses may run for a year, for sem
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The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
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II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
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The Universidade Católica Portugue
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Diagram of the Portuguese education
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Design Design e Gestão da Produç
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Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
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Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
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Educação Ambiental Educação e G
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Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
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Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
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Estatística Estatística e Investi
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Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
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Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
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Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
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Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
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Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
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Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
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(b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
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Spain
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Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
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Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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Another feature of the university s
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2. optional subjects. The final pas
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These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
Page 564 and 565:
European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
Page 566 and 567:
Colleges and institutes sometimes o
Page 568 and 569:
No distinction is made in the UK be
Page 570 and 571:
The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
Page 572 and 573:
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
Page 578 and 579:
Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
Page 580 and 581:
Diagram of the educational system i
Page 582 and 583:
Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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