NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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The Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Portuguese Catholic University) occupies a special place within the system of higher education in Portugal, since it is a legal and economic entity established by decree of the Holy See and recognised by the State of Portugal for the purposes of internal law under the aegis of Article XX of the Concordat between the two States. Within this legal and institutional framework, the UCP does not need permission from the government to set up or recognise schools, courses or other units. The UCP’s representative simply informs government departments about the schools and courses in operation. The UCP awards the same academic degrees as those awarded by the public universities. Degree courses have the same duration and are organised in the same way as those offered in the public education system. Private higher education institutions Private higher education institutions are supervised and partially supported by the Ministry of Education. Thus, it falls to the State to grant authorisation for the creation and operation of institutions and courses and to decide upon their official recognition. Private higher education courses are organised on the same lines as the public higher education courses awarding the corresponding degrees. They are of the same duration and use the same assessment system. Degrees and diplomas awarded by these institutions have the same value and force as concerns academic or professional effects as those issued by public higher education institutions. Types of private higher education institutions In private higher education we may distinguish two types of institution: • university institutions; • other higher education institutions. Degrees and diplomas issued by private higher education institutions are recognised as equal to those awarded by public higher education institutions. II.3.5. Academic recognition of final qualifications in higher education A first degree does not automatically entitle the holder to enter a postgraduate course. For instance, holders of a bacharel degree are not entitled to attend a mestrado course. Only holders of a licenciado degree or a legally equivalent qualification with a final mark of 14 along a scale of 0 to 20 are entitled to attend a mestrado course. Examinations for a doctorate are only possible for holders of a licenciado degree or a legally equivalent qualification with a final mark of at least 16 along a scale of 0 to 20, or holders of a mestre degree. II.3.6. Intercommunicability between the systems of higher education The two systems of higher education — university and polytechnic — are interlinked and it is always possible to transfer from one to the other. In fact, a student attending a course in a polytechnic institution may apply for a transfer to a university course and vice versa. The relevant bodies of the higher education institution to which the student wishes to move have the power to decide whether to accept him or her and to define the curriculum which the student will have to complete in order to finish the new study programme.
II.3.7. Intercommunicability between public and private higher education It is possible to transfer from a public higher education institution to a private one and vice versa, according to the rules set up by the institution itself. The equivalence of disciplines is assessed on an individual basis, after the analysis of the candidate’s curriculum, by the validating academic body of the higher education institution concerned. Accordingly, a new study programme may be set up, if it seems necessary.
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NARIC guid
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Austria
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Glossary Bundesgesetz Federal act.
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Introduction In 1993, the new Austr
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The Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna
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Examples of some study programmes (
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In the schools of art and music, do
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II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
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The special qualification for schoo
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Appendix I General university quali
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Dipl.-Ing. für industrielle Elektr
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Appendix IV Curricula charts The fo
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Chart 2 Veterinärmedizinischen Uni
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Belgium (French-speaking Community)
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II.3. Final qualifications in highe
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NB: The distinction between the two
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Legislative body on matters of gran
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University education is intended to
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I.3. Organisation of studies I.3.1.
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There are two examination sessions:
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(ii) qualification indicating abili
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Candidat(e) (2): en psychologie et
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From a strictly academic point of v
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Diplomas awarded at the end of cour
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After successfully completing the f
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Diagram of the higher education sys
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esthétique industrielle (industria
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Higher education in economics Ingé
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lettres (romanes...) (the arts (Rom
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For all the abovementioned courses
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Lectures left to the choice of the
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Candidates for higher education who
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Belgium (Flemish Community)
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IV. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF QUAL
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Glossary Geaggregeerde voor het lag
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II. Higher education in the Flemish
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16. dentistry 17. veterinary scienc
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II.3. Organisation of courses of st
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The student is examined in each sub
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Individual universities can decide
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Kandidaat: burgerlijk ingenieur bur
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(b) the specialisation courses are
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This is a form of higher education
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Appendix 1. Final degrees — hoges
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industrieel ingenieur in landbouw e
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Wetenschappen motorische revalidati
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Denmark
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Abbreviations AAA Arkitektskolen i
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College of nutrition and home econo
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Kunstakademi Academy of fine arts.
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Speciale Thesis. The candidatus deg
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The multifaculty universities are t
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I.2. Number of students 1992/93 Tot
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Marks and examinations Generally, m
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The higher commercial examination c
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It is possible to change to courses
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Before 1988, the name of the PhD de
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III. Special types and forms of fin
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IV. Recognition of foreign degrees
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Bibliography Publications in Englis
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Appendix II Danish non-university h
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Økonomaskolen The Danish School of
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Cand.tech.al. Candidatus(a) technic
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Second main subject chosen freely f
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Cand.scient. study programmes The c
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Chartered accountants, sworn interp
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Finland
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Glossary Alempi korkeakoulututkinto
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I. Higher education system In Finla
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All these 20 universities undertake
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At the end of 1995 the total number
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Non-university higher education In
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Each test in the new examination is
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New degrees — kandidaatti and mai
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The graduates can use two kinds of
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III. Special types and forms of qua
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Engineer second class (konemestari/
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Diagram of the education system in
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Appendix I List of qualifications i
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Teatteritaiteen kandidaatti/Kandida
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Old: until the end of July 1999 New
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Pharmacy Farmasian lisensiaatti/Far
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Appendix II Description of a degree
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Appendix III Description of a degre
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Appendix IV Description of a degree
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France
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II.3. Final degrees in higher educa
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Glossary Baccalauréat Secondary sc
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Lycées Lycées are secondary schoo
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to develop higher education in the
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There are eight other IEPs in the p
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the educational programmes: objecti
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I.2. Number of students In 1995/96,
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The organisation of the doctoral pr
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The baccalauréat examination The b
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II.2. Intermediate degrees in highe
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II.3.1. Final degrees in non-univer
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To receive the DUT, a student must
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Dentistry (requires five years of s
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Institutions of higher education ta
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Bibliography A. General publication
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Appendix I List of professions and
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Professions maritimes Capitaine de
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Contents Glossary 149 I. THE HIGHER
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Glossary Abendgymnasium General sec
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General education secondary school
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As universities for applied studies
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I.2.3. Classes and academic year Co
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II. Examinations and academic degre
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Grade scale The following grade sca
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The degree programme is divided int
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The individual advanced studies sub
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The advanced studies are concluded
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Stage II studies involve further co
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Training for this type of teaching
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According to an agreement by the St
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The degree programme in medicine in
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The examinee is presented with prac
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(c) On registration for the degree
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(c) The following courses are requi
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Licensing, doctoral degree, special
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An examination period is set for th
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During the placement period, it is
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Greece
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Abbreviations/glossary ADSEN Anoter
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I.1. The institutions of higher edu
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Some universities, as it can be ded
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Non-university higher education in
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The objective of the academy is to
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I.3. Organisation of course of stud
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Final examinations and examination
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Students complete part of the pract
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I.3.2. University higher education
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All students are taught the same su
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Candidates’ entry into higher edu
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II.3.2. Final university qualificat
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Diagram of the Greek educational sy
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Iceland
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III. SPECIAL TYPES AND FORMS OF FIN
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Glossary BA/BS/BEd próf First univ
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I. Higher education system Accordin
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The non-university higher education
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At the end of the 10th grade all pu
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II.2. Intermediate qualifications i
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The university higher education ins
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Doktorspróf (doctorate degree) In
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Diagram of the Icelandic education
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Appendix I Final qualifications Non
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Appendix II Final qualifications Un
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Postgraduate studies: Mathematics +
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Management Department (Rekstrardeil
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Contents Abbreviations 528 Glossary
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Glossary Ab initio Literally, ‘fr
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Modular credit system An approach t
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I. Higher education system Higher e
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There are eight colleges of educati
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Most courses are taught but many po
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An undifferentiated Class II grade
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the senior trade certificate of the
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Degree courses Bachelor degree: Thi
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Bibliography Central applications o
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Appendix I Samples of study program
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foundations of public administratio
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studies in the analysis of 20th-cen
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Bachelor in Obstetrics (BAO) six ye
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National University of Ireland Mast
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Master of Science (MSc) Master of T
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Glossary Diploma di maturità The s
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I. The higher education system In t
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At present, there are two official
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With reference to university autono
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(c) Schools for midwives University
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The curricula of a few CLs include
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II. Qualifications and diplomas Non
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The examinations are administered b
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The said examination might therefor
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(a) SS courses They are all subject
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According to the old official regul
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Only SDAFS undergraduates who have
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The laurea is an exclusively academ
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These two-year courses which, once
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Diagram of the Italian education sy
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Glossary Abitur Official certificat
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Internationale Akademie für Philos
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The degree Master of Philosophy (Ma
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Diagram of study programmes in Liec
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Glossary Certificat Generally used
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The one institution providing post-
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Each academic year at the CC is con
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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The ISERP and ISEE admit students o
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II.2.3. Academic recognition of int
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The study programme of the Departme
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Bibliography Structures et programm
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Abbreviations AIO Assistent in ople
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Glossary Afsluitend examen With the
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The discipline of theology is not o
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The length of the practical trainin
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Page 418 and 419: These types of school award the fol
Page 420 and 421: Orientational Within the chosen fie
Page 422 and 423: II.3.3. Academic recognition of fin
Page 424 and 425: Post-doctorale professional program
Page 426 and 427: 3. Ministry of the Interior: diplom
Page 428 and 429: National Service for the Inspection
Page 430 and 431: Diagram of the Dutch education syst
Page 432 and 433: Contents Abbreviations 696 Glossary
Page 434 and 435: Glossary Candidatus/candidata magis
Page 436 and 437: I. Higher education system Through
Page 438 and 439: Numbers of students from EU Member
Page 440 and 441: I.4.2. International credit transfe
Page 442 and 443: The majority of the shorter, non-un
Page 444 and 445: Graduate degree studies may be expa
Page 446 and 447: Diagram of the Norwegian education
Page 448 and 449: Faculty of Dentistry Degrees awarde
Page 450 and 451: University of Tromsø This universi
Page 452 and 453: Faculty of Psychology Degrees award
Page 454 and 455: The college sector Degrees awarded:
Page 456 and 457: Real estate agent Competent body: T
Page 458 and 459: Contents Glossary 728 I. HIGHER EDU
Page 460 and 461: I. Higher education system The gene
Page 462 and 463: Courses may run for a year, for sem
Page 464 and 465: The Núcleo de Acesso ao Ensino Sup
Page 466 and 467: II.3.3. Final qualifications in uni
Page 470 and 471: III. Special types and forms of fin
Page 472 and 473: Diagram of the Portuguese education
Page 474 and 475: Design Design e Gestão da Produç
Page 476 and 477: Estudos Superiores Gregorianos, ár
Page 478 and 479: Tecnologia em Conservação e Resta
Page 480 and 481: Educação Ambiental Educação e G
Page 482 and 483: Marketing e Consumo Marketing e Rel
Page 484 and 485: Ciências Militares Aeronaúticas C
Page 486 and 487: Estatística Estatística e Investi
Page 488 and 489: Professores do 1. o ciclo do Ensino
Page 490 and 491: Ciências Sociais Clínica das Doen
Page 492 and 493: Fenomenologia e Hermenêutica Filos
Page 494 and 495: Matemática Matemática Aplicada Ma
Page 496 and 497: Appendix V Cartas doutorais por ram
Page 498 and 499: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Hidrolog
Page 500 and 501: (b) Civil technician Conselho Coord
Page 502 and 503: Spain
Page 504 and 505: Abbreviations BUP Bachillerato Unif
Page 506 and 507: Formacion Profesional (FP) Modality
Page 508 and 509: I. Higher education system Higher e
Page 510 and 511: Another feature of the university s
Page 512 and 513: II. Qualifications and diplomas II.
Page 514 and 515: 2. optional subjects. The final pas
Page 516 and 517: These qualifications are only award
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Diagram of the Spanish education sy
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Appendix I Alphabetical index of th
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Radioelectrónica Naval. Ingenieros
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Profesor de Educación Secundaria P
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Contents Glossary 792 I. HIGHER EDU
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Qualified as associate professor. D
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Lecturer. Föreläsning Lecture. F
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Prorektor Vice-rector, pro-vice-cha
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Holder of a chair. Ämnesråd Depar
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Thus, there is no distinction betwe
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Before 1993, there were about 100 g
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General degrees A new kind of högs
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Bibliography Hildebrand, M., Swedis
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Appendix I Degrees in Sweden In Swe
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In addition to these degrees of at
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• Around four months of practical
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Abbreviations A level Advanced leve
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Undergraduate One who has matricula
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While these institutions have much
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II. Qualifications and diplomas The
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European baccalaureate (EB) Courses
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Colleges and institutes sometimes o
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No distinction is made in the UK be
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The Doctor of Philosophy degree (Ph
Page 572 and 573:
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The Council also agreed a directive
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Chartered biologist C.Biol Institut
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Registered at stage 3 in the ‘Pro
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Diagram of the educational system i
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Appendix I General certificate of s
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Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examin
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Appendix III Degree structure: trad
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Appendix IV Bachelor’s degrees BA
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Appendix V Master’s degrees ChM M
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Appendix VI Doctorates DChD Doctor
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Higher MD MCh Doctor of Medicine MD
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NARIC guide on Higher Education Systems in the European Union

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