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Plenarvorträge - DPG-Tagungen

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Oberflächenphysik Mittwoch<br />

The Nafion polymer, produced by the Dupont company, is still the<br />

most prominent membrane material for the commercial polymer electrolyte<br />

fuel cell (PMFC). Usually, the Nafion membrane is sandwiched<br />

by two catalytic layers, consisting of a metal-Nafion-carbon mixture in<br />

order to provide catalytic activity as well as electrical and proton conductivity.<br />

It turns out that most of the Platinum doesn’t contribute to<br />

the catalytic efficiency, which increases the total cost for the PMFCfuel<br />

cell. An alternative approach might be a catalytic layer formed by<br />

a Pt-nanowire network. We present here a strategy to deposit Pt in the<br />

form of a nanowire networks. Therefore we used sputter deposited Pt on<br />

a vacuum deposited amorphous carbon mask layer. We show different<br />

Pt-nanowire networks generated on the Nafion surface and discuss the<br />

mechanisms that tune the network parameters like nanowire dimensions<br />

and mesh width.<br />

The authors thank the Technologiestiftung Schleswig-Holstein for supporting<br />

the project.<br />

O 28.36 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Imaging of optical near fields of nanostructures with fs laser<br />

pulses — •Juliane Birk, Johannes Boneberg, and Paul Leiderer<br />

— Universität Konstanz, FB Physik, LS Leiderer, SFB 513, 78457<br />

Konstanz<br />

The optical properties of nanostructures are a topic of interesting investigations.<br />

In analogy to the near fields around a Hertz dipole we expect<br />

near fields in the surrounding of all nanostructures. Up to now they were<br />

analysed with the scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM). We<br />

want to introduce an alternative method to image near fields with intensive<br />

short laser pulses. The intensity is adjusted to values where the<br />

substrate far from the particle is not affected. Nevertheless, the surface<br />

around and below the particle can be ablated, due to the local intensity<br />

enhancement in the optical near field. After the laser pulse the modified<br />

surface is imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thus<br />

the optical near fields of different nanostructures on several substrates,<br />

for example silicon, can be studied. A few examples of the near fields of<br />

various nanostructures are shown.<br />

O 28.37 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Infrared-optical properties of Cu nanoparticles on CaF2(111)<br />

— •Birgit Gehring, Andreas Priebe, and Annemarie Pucci —<br />

Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, D - 69120 Heidelberg<br />

Using IR spectroscopy the growth of Cu nanoparticles on UHV-cleaved<br />

CaF2(111) was investigated in situ. Relative transmission spectra informed<br />

about the dynamic conductivity of the nanoparticle film and<br />

about the influence of the substrate temperature on the percolation<br />

threshold.<br />

In the range from about 1000 cm −1 up to about 2500 cm −1 a relative<br />

transmission > 100 % was observed for Cu coverage below percolation,<br />

which corresponds to an anti-reflection effect. The magnitude of this effect<br />

depends on the growth temperature.<br />

For certain average Cu thicknesses we exposed CO at a sample temperature<br />

of about 100 K. The CO adsorption on different Cu facets was<br />

studied by IR transmission spectroscopy. The morphology of the nanoparticle<br />

layer was verified with atomic force microscopy (AFM) ex situ. From<br />

the AFM pictures the particle density was estimated and the filling factor<br />

could be evaluated.<br />

O 28.38 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Steering host-guest interactions at surfaces using tailormade<br />

two-dimensional nanoporous coordination systems —<br />

•Sebastian Stepanow 1 , Magalí Lingenfelder 1 , Alexandre<br />

Dmitriev 1 , Hannes Spillmann 1 , Erik Delvigne 2 , Nian Lin 1 ,<br />

Xiaobin Deng 3 , Chengzhi Cai 3 , Johannes V. Barth 2 , and<br />

Klaus Kern 1,2 — 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,<br />

Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart — 2 Institut de Physique des<br />

Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015<br />

Lausanne, Switzerland — 3 Department of Chemistry and Center for<br />

Materials Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003,<br />

USA<br />

The so-called rational design principle, i.e., synthesis of materials with<br />

predictable structures and properties from appropriate organic molecular<br />

linkers connecting to metal nodes, has recently been explored to control<br />

pore size and functionality of open three-dimensional networks. Here we<br />

demonstrate the fabrication of surface-supported metal-organic coordination<br />

networks (MOCNs) comprising tailored pore sizes and chemical<br />

functionality by the modular assembly of polytopic organic carboxylate<br />

linker molecules and iron atoms on a Cu(100) surface under ultra-high<br />

vacuum conditions. The nanocavity arrays provided can be employed to<br />

host C60 guest molecules. Temperature-controlled studies reveal at the<br />

single-molecule level how pore size and chemical functionality determine<br />

the host-guest interactions.<br />

O 28.39 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Dynamic Mode Force Microscopy Studies of Individual Single<br />

Wall Nanotubes on HOPG — •Timo Behnke 1 , Makoto<br />

Ashino 1 , Alexander Schwarz 1 , Roland Wiesendanger 1 , Keith<br />

A. Williams 2 , and Cees Dekker 2 — 1 Institute of Applied Physics,<br />

University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany<br />

— 2 Department of Applied Physics and DIMES, Delft University of Technology,<br />

Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands<br />

The growing interest in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) is related<br />

to their prospected applications of their unique possibilities in upcoming<br />

nanotechnology (1). To study structural properties of SWNTs<br />

down to the atomic scale dynamic mode force microscopy is well suited.<br />

In a first step, we developed a technique to prepare SWNTs on HOPG.<br />

Tapping Mode Imaging in ambient conditions showed a homogeneous<br />

SWNT distribution on atomically flat and well defined graphite (HOPG)<br />

with only negligible small amounts of contamination. Although most of<br />

SWNTs appeared as bundles or ropes, we found a sufficient density of<br />

individual SWNTs. In a second step, we took advantage of the increased<br />

resolution of dynamic mode force microscopy and spectroscopy in ultrahigh<br />

vacuum and used a home-built low noise and very stable lowtemperature<br />

force microscope to resolve the atomic structure of individual<br />

tubes.<br />

[1] Baughman, Zakhidov, de Heer, Science 296, 787 (2002)<br />

O 28.40 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Dynamik von selbstorganisierten Nanopartikeln auf Oberflächen<br />

— •Anton plech 1 , Vassilios Kotaidis 1 , Samuel<br />

Gr’esillion 2 und Gero von Plessen 3 — 1 Fachbereich Physik der<br />

Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz — 2 ESPCI<br />

10, rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris — 3 RWTH Aachen, I. Physikalisches<br />

Institut A, D-52074 Aachen<br />

Naßchemisch hergestellte Nanopartikel können über Selbstaggregationsverfahren<br />

auf Oberflächen abgelagert werden. Es werden so definiert<br />

Submonolagenbedeckungen erreicht. Diese Systeme erlauben das Studium<br />

der strukturellen Eigenschaften von quasifreien Partikeln, wie thermische<br />

Expansion oder strukturelle Dynamik.<br />

Es werden die strukturellen Relaxationen der Partikel auf die ultraschnelle<br />

Laseranregung der Plasmonenresonanz untersucht. Als Sonde<br />

dient ultraschnelle zeitaufgelöste Röntgenbeugung (Meßplatz ID09,<br />

ESRF, Frankreich). Neben der thermischen Anregung und Kühlung des<br />

Kristallgitters werden auch Nichtgleichgewichtsprozesse beobachtet und<br />

im Rahmen von Partikeleigenschwingungen gedeutet.<br />

O 28.41 Mi 16:00 Bereich C<br />

Gold Nanoteilchen auf Al2O3/Nb(110): Eine STM Studie dynamischer<br />

Umladungeffekte bei Raumtemperatur — •Christof<br />

Dietrich, Berndt Koslowski und Paul Ziemann — Abt.<br />

Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm<br />

Um ein System zu präparieren, das Coulomb-Blockade bei Raumtemperatur<br />

zeigt, wurden epitaktische Niob(110)-Filme auf Saphir(0001)<br />

durch dc-magnetron-Sputtern bei einer Substrattemperatur von 1200K<br />

hergestellt. Diese Metallschichten haben eine extrem glatte Oberfläche<br />

(RMS:2nm auf 500nm 2 ) und mit dem STM konnte atomare Auflösung<br />

erzielt werden. Auf diese Schichten wurde eine 1nm dicke Aluminiumschicht<br />

aufgedampft und anschließend in einem Sauerstoffplasma oder in<br />

Sauerstoffatmosphäre oxidiert. Bei geeigneter Prozessführung kann auch<br />

ein epitaktisches Oxid hergestellt werden. Auf diese Tunnelbarriere wurden<br />

Gold Nanoteilchen mit Größen von 1nm-15nm mittels einer mizellaren<br />

Technik aufgebracht.<br />

I-V-Spektroskopien auf den Teilchen zeigen eine klare Coulomb-<br />

Blockade, die sich sehr gut mit Hilfe der “orthodoxen“Theorie der<br />

Coulomb-Blockade anpassen lassen. Durch Präparation verschiedener<br />

Teilchengrößen konnten die Parameter der Coulomb-Blockade<br />

größenabhängig bestimmt werden. Um die laterale Variation der Parameter<br />

der Coulomb-Blockade auf den Teilchen zu bestimmen, wurden<br />

zusätzlich I-V-Karten angefertigt. Demnach sind die Parameter stark von<br />

der Position auf dem Teichen abhängig.

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