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Symposium Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Tagesübersichten QUANTUM SHOT NOISE IN NANOSTRUCTURES (SYSN) Gemeinsames Symposium mit den Fachverbänden DY, HL und TT PD Dr. Wolfgang Belzig Departement für Physik und Astronomie Universität Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 CH-4056 Basel E-Mail: Wolfgang.Belzig@unibas.ch Hauptvorträge Prof. Dr. Christoph Strunk Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93040 Regensburg Email: Christoph.Strunk@physik.uni-regensburg.de ÜBERSICHT DER HAUPTVORTRÄGE UND FACHSITZUNGEN (Hörsaal H1) SYSN 1.1 Mo 13:30 (H1) Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures: From Schottky to Bell, Markus Büttiker SYSN 1.2 Mo 14:00 (H1) Mesoscopic transition in the shot noise of diffusive SNS junctions, Francois Lefloch, Christian Hoffmann, Marc Sanquer, Bernard Pannetier SYSN 1.3 Mo 14:30 (H1) Quantum Noise: Challenge and Prospect, Yuli V. Nazarov SYSN 2.1 Mo 16:00 (H1) Environmental effects in the third moment of voltage fluctuations in a tunnel junction, Bertrand Reulet, J. Senzier, Daniel E. Prober SYSN 2.2 Mo 16:30 (H1) Full Counting Statistics of Multiple Andreev Reflections, Juan Carlos Cuevas Fachsitzungen SYSN 1 Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Mo 13:30–15:30 H1 SYSN 1.1–1.5 SYSN 2 Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Mo 16:00–17:45 H1 SYSN 2.1–2.5
Symposium Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Montag Fachsitzungen – Haupt- und Kurzvorträge – SYSN 1 Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Zeit: Montag 13:30–15:30 Raum: H1 Hauptvortrag SYSN 1.1 Mo 13:30 H1 Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures: From Schottky to Bell — •Markus Büttiker — Département de Physique Theorique, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genéve 4, Switzerland. For more than a decade, theoretical and experimental investigations of noise properties have been at the forefront in our quest to understand the transport properties of small electrical conductors. Initial work aimed at characterizing shot noise with the help of Fano factors: the ratio of the shot noise to full Poisson (Schottky) noise. Later the theory was extended to include not only the second moment (shot noise) but all higher order current correlations. We contrast fully quantum mechanical approaches to this problem with semiclassical discussions. Current fluctuations are often understood as simply a stochastic successive transfer of particles. But an analysis of current-current fluctuations shows that it is possible to invent geometries in which there is no Aharonov- Bohm effect in the conductance (second order interference) but there is very well an Aharonov-Bohm effect in noise-correlations (fourth order interference). We demonstrate that this is a consequence of a two particle Aharonov-Bohm effect: in the tunneling limit it can be connected to orbitally entangled electron-hole states. We show that zero-frequency noise-correlation measurements can be used to proof that these states violate a Bell inequality. Hauptvortrag SYSN 1.2 Mo 14:00 H1 Mesoscopic transition in the shot noise of diffusive SNS junctions — •Francois Lefloch 1 , Christian Hoffmann 1 , Marc Sanquer 1 , and Bernard Pannetier 2 — 1 Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée/SPSMS/LCP, CEA/Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 09, France — 2 Centre de Recherches sur les Très Basses Températures-C.N.R.S. associated to Université Joseph Fourier, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France We experimentally investigated the current noise in short diffusive Superconductor/Normal metal/Superconductor junctions over a large range of energy that covers the regimes of coherent and incoherent multiple Andreev reflections. The transition between these two regimes, occurs at the Thouless energy where a pronounced minimum in the current noise density is observed. Above the Thouless energy, in the regime of incoherent multiple Andreev reflections, the noise is very much enhanced compared to a normal junction and grows linearly with the bias voltage. Semiclassical theory describes accurately the experimental results over the entire temperature range, but only if we take into account the voltage dependence of the resistance which reflects the proximity effect. Below the Thouless energy, the shot noise diverge as 1/eV and may indicate the coherent transfer of multiple charges. Hauptvortrag SYSN 1.3 Mo 14:30 H1 Quantum Noise: Challenge and Prospect — •Yuli V. Nazarov — Department of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands The concept of full counting statistics does not just give a new dimension to studies of electron transport: it gives it infinitely many dimensions. To enter and conquer this new world is a challenge, better understanding of nanophysics and quantum mechanics is the prospect. SYSN 1.4 Mo 15:00 H1 Electron counting statistics and the Clauser-Horne inequality — •Fabio Taddei 1 , Lara Faoro 2 , and Rosario Fazio 1 — 1 NEST- INFM & Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy — 2 ISI Foundation, Viale Settimio Severo, 65, I-10133 Torino, Italy We derive the Clauser-Horne (CH) inequality for the full electron counting statistics in a mesoscopic multiterminal conductor and we discuss its properties. We first consider the idealized situation in which a flux of entangled electrons is generated by an entangler. Given a certain average number of incoming entangled electrons, the CH inequality can be evaluated for different numbers of transmitted particles. Strong violations occur when the number of transmitted charges on the two terminals is the same (Q1 = Q2), whereas no violation is found for Q1 �= Q2. We then consider a three terminal normal beam splitter and a hybrid superconducting structure. Interestingly, we find that the CH inequality is violated for the three terminal normal device. As expected, we find full violation of the CH inequality in the case of the superconducting system. SYSN 1.5 Mo 15:15 H1 Suppression of shot noise by dynamical mechanisms — •Henning Schomerus — MPIPKS Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden The investigation of shot noise in mesoscopic systems has many merits, one of the primary ones being the detection of system-specific details that help to uncover dynamics and interactions. We identify three dynamical mechanisms that reduce shot noise in ballistic quantum dots below the universal prediction of random-matrix theory: a) direct processes, b) dynamics along stable trajectories, and c) delay of diffraction for very small wavelength. Mechanisms a) and b) are efficient means in the quest to suppress shot noise in phase-coherent systems, while mechanism c) elucidates the particle-wave duality and the correspondence principle in the quantum-to-classical crossover. [1] H.-S. Sim and H. Schomerus, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 066801 (2002). [2] R. G. Nazmitdinov, H.-S. Sim, H. Schomerus, and I. Rotter, Phys. Rev. B 66, 241302(R) (2002). [3] J. Tworzydlo, A. Tajic, H. Schomerus, and C. W. J. Beenakker, Phys. Rev. B 68, 115313 (2003). SYSN 2 Quantum Shot Noise in Nanostructures Zeit: Montag 16:00–17:45 Raum: H1 Hauptvortrag SYSN 2.1 Mo 16:00 H1 Environmental effects in the third moment of voltage fluctuations in a tunnel junction — •Bertrand Reulet 1,2 , J. Senzier 1 , and Daniel E. Prober 1 — 1 Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520-8284, USA — 2 Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, associé au CNRS, bâtiment 510, Université Paris-Sud 91405 Orsay, France We present the first measurements of the third moment of the voltage fluctuations in a conductor. This technique can provide a new and complementary information on the electronic transport in any kind of physical system. The measurement was performed on non-superconducting tunnel junctions as a function of voltage bias, for various temperatures and frequency bandwidths up to 1GHz. The data demonstrate the importance of the effect of the electromagnetic environment of the sample on the voltage fluctuations.
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