issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
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problemebis gadaWriT ar Semoifargleba. magaliTad, stalnakeris modeli,<br />
sadac pirvel ganzomilebad scenarebis nacvlad konteqstebia, e.w.<br />
indeqsikalebis (maT Soris sxvadasxva tipis nacvalsaxelebis) mniSvnelobebsac<br />
xsnis da gamonaTqvamTa pragmatul aspeqtebs da informaciulobasac<br />
hfens naTels. marTalia, lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT raime Rirebul<br />
Sedegebze laparaki jer naadrevia, samagierod TviT aseTi kvlevis procesia<br />
saintereso, xolo Sualeduri mignebebi _ metad sagulisxmo. aq informaciis<br />
verbaluri gacvla-gamocvla aseT formas iRebs: "Speakers<br />
make assumptions about what their addressees know or believe about what they are<br />
talking about as well as about what their words mean and what the relevant<br />
contextual parameters are relative to which their words will be interpreted. These<br />
assumptions will influence what they choose to say, and how they choose to say it.<br />
Since the speaker will normally presuppose that he is speaking (and that the<br />
addressee knows this), the possible worlds compatible with what is presupposed<br />
will be possible worlds in which the utterence event in question takes place, and in<br />
which it has a meaning and a content that may be different from the meaning and<br />
content that the utterance has in actual world" (Stalnaker 2006:296; msjelobis<br />
kognitiuri da stilisturi xibli rom ar gaxundes, Cven es fragmenti<br />
originalSi, Targmanis gareSe mogvyavs). ra samyaroa es, romelic Tavis<br />
mxriv moicavs alternatiul, kontrfaqtualur, epistemur, konteqstur<br />
da kidev RmerTma uwyis ra tipis samyaroebs da romlis erT-erTi gamor-<br />
Ceuli nimuSi semantikas or ganzomilebaSi aRiqvams? _ es uaRresad<br />
rTuli da saintereso samyaroa. aq sityvas oqros fasi aqvs. eWvebiT gatanjuli<br />
mosaubre vidre rames ityodes, Svidjer gazomavs _ an, ukidures<br />
SemTxvevaSi, imdenjer mainc, ramden “about”-sac daiTvlis dainteresebuli<br />
mkiTxveli zemomoyvanili fragmentis pirvel winadadebaSi. aq “utterance”<br />
ubralod “utterance” ki ar aris, aramed _ “utterance event”: ufro<br />
soliduradac JRers da orazrovnebasac gamoricxavs. analizis obieqti<br />
am samyaroSi, xSirad, ara winadadeba, aramed TviTkmari `propoziciaa~,<br />
anu is, rasac gamoxatavs gamonaTqvami. erTi SexedviT, saxifaTo daSvebaa,<br />
xom SeiZleba mavanma enTuziastma iseTi `propoziciebis~ kvleva daiwyos,<br />
romlis gamosaxatavad am sruly<strong>of</strong>il samyaroSi arasruly<strong>of</strong>il bunebriv<br />
enas resursi ar ey<strong>of</strong>a, magram es problemac advilad mogvardeba, roca<br />
enis filos<strong>of</strong>osebi `idealur enas~ Seqmnian (monaxazi ukve arsebobs _<br />
ix. Chalmers 2006:84). amjerad organzomilebian epistemur modelze Sev-<br />
CerdebiT. aq pirvel ganzomilebas qmnian e.w. epistemuri samyaroebi (rogoric<br />
SeiZleba iyos realuri samyaro, da iqneb aris kidec), meore ganzomilebas<br />
ki avseben modaluri logikis Cveuli obieqtebi _ kontrfaqtualuri<br />
samyaroebi (rogoric SeiZleboda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo realuri samyaro _<br />
magram ar aris). pirvel SemTxvevaSi warmosaxviTi subieqti realur samyaroze<br />
(misTvis realur samyaroze) arasruly<strong>of</strong>ili codnis Sevsebas<br />
fantaziiT cdilobs, mokled, saqmes sWirdeba sruliad uvici, mdidari<br />
fantaziis mqone da uzadod (an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, zomierad) logikuri<br />
subieqti. zogadad, enis filos<strong>of</strong>ia imdenad iyo SeWirvebuli ori<br />
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