issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University

iseT enebSi, sadac ar aris warmodgenili drois gramatikuli kategoria,
iribi kiloebi SeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod imperfeqtivis formasTan.
aseTi sistema gvaqvs, magaliTad, saliteraturo arabul enaSi.
mkvlevrebi miuTiTeben, Sumerul enaSi absoluturi dro ar aris
gramatikalizebuli, amitom drois gadmocema xdeba aspeqtis (perfeqtivi
da imperfeqtivi) gramatikuli kategoriis saSualebiT.
martiv winadadebaSi perfeqtivis forma, rogorc wesi, gadmocems
warsul dros:
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lugal-le hi-li mu-dim2
{lugal+e hili+Ø Ø-mu-n+dim+Ø-Ø}
mefe+erg pariki+abs ind-or-3p:mx:sub+damzadeba+perf-3p:mx:ob
`mefem (saritualo) pariki daamzada~,
xolo imperfeqtivis forma _ arawarsuls:
lugal-le hi-li ib2-dim2-me
{lugal+e Ñili+Ø Ø-i-b+dim+e-Ø}
mefe+erg pariki+abs ind-or-3p:mx:ob+damzadeba+imp-3p:mx:sub.
`mefe (saritualo) pariks amzadebs (an: daamzadebs)~.
swored amitom uwodeben meoce saukunis pirveli naxevris Sumerologebi
perfeqtivis formas preterits, xolo imperfeqtivis formas _
prezens-futurums (a. poebeli, a. falkenStaini).
Tumca Tu konteqstiT mocemulia dro, maSin perfeqtivis forma
SeiZleba gadmocemdes moqmedebas, romelic moxdeba momavalSi, xolo imperfeqtivis
forma _ moqmedebas, romelic moxda an xdeboda warsulSi:
u4 im-šu2-šu2 igi im-la2-e ša3-ka-tab i3-zu-zu
{u+Ø Ø-im+šušu+Ø igi+Ø
dRe ind-or-dabneleba:imp-3p:mx:sub Tvali-abs
Ø-im+la+e-Ø šakatab+Ø Ø-i+zuzu+Ø}
ind-or-Semcireba-imp-3p:mx:sub SimSiloba-abs ind-dawyeba:imp-3p:mx:sub
`dRe bneldeboda, mxedvelobis are mcirdeboda, SimSiloba iwyeboda~.
rTul winadadebaSi perfeqtivis forma SeiZleba gadmocemdes taqsisis
kategoriis uwinaresobis gramemas, xolo imperfeqtivis forma _ arauwinaresobis
gramemas:
uru u3-mu-niĝin2 ...uru e2-gal-la-ka i3-ĝin-e-en
{uru+Ø u-mu-n+niŋin+Ø-Ø ...
qalaqi+abs pros-or-3p:mx:s+Semortyma+perf-3p:mx:obO
uru-egal+ak-a Ø-i+ŋin+e-en}
qalaqi-sasaxle+gen-lok ind-or+Sesvla+imp-3p:mx:sub
`igi garsSemoertya qalaqs ... (da Semdeg) sasaxlis qalaqSi Sevida~.