issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University

Sah-name 1934: firdousi „Sah-name~, qarTuli versiebi (teqsti daamuSava da leqsikoniTurT
dasabeWdad moamzada iust. abulaZem da mecnierTa jgufma), tfilisi.
Sah-name 1974: „Sah-name~-s qarTuli versiebi III (teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva da
leqsikoni daurTo d. kobiZem), Tbilisi.
CubinaSvili 1961: n. CubinaSvili, qarTuli leqsikoni (al. Rlontis redaqciiTa
da gamokvleviT), Tbilisi.
jafariZe 1973: g. jafariZe, narkvevi qarTuli metrologiis istoriidan, Tbilisi.
Баранов 1977: Баранов Х.Г., Арабско-русский словарь, Москва.
Гаффаров 1974: Гаффаров М., Персидско-русский словарь, т. I- II, Москва.
Основы… 1981: Основы иранского языкознания. Среднеперсидские языки, Москва.
Основы… 1982: Основы иранского языкознания. Новоиранские языки, Москва.
Рубинчик 1970: Персидско-русский словарь (под редакцией Рубинчика Ю.А.), т. I- II,
Москва.
al-munjid 1986: al-munjid 1986 fi-fluqat wa-la´lami Beirut.
änväri 1993: änväri h., färhäng-e fešorde-ye soxän. j I- II, Tehrån.
äfšår; häkämi 1994: äfšår s.; häkämi n.; häkämi n. färhäng-e moaser-e fårsi, Tehrån.
Gorgåni 1970: Gorgåni Vis-o-Råmin (täshih-e Mågåli Toduå vä Eskänder-e Gvåxåria)
Tehrån.
MacKenzie 1971: MacKenzie D.N., A Concise Pahlavic Dictionary, London-New-York-
Toronto.
Moin 1998: Moin M., färhäng-e fårsi Tehrån.
Nyberg 1974: Nyberg H.S., A Manual of Pahlavic II; Glossary Wiesbaden.
Fati Antadze-Malashkhia
On Three Oriental Loan Words in Georgian
(`zirak||Zirak~||„zira~||„Zira~; „Zabun~-i; „manZil~)
Summary
The paper analyzes three orientalisms „zirak||Zirak~||„zira~||„Zira~; „Zabun~; „manZil~.
They are compared with one another with regard to their phonetic and semantic adaptation
in Georgian.
Unlike the Arabisms „Zabun~ and „manZil~, „zirak||Zirak~||„zira~||„Zira~ is a word of
Iranian origin based on affixal derivate (Middle and New Persian zir "bottom, lower part" >
Middle Persian *zir-аk > New Persian zir-ä||zir-e "caraway"). However, in case of all the
three loan words Persian, not Arabic z is adapted in Georgian, as „Zabun~ and „manZil~ are
borrowed not directly from Arabic, but they have penetrated into Georgian via Persian. The
fact that they have penetrated into Georgian via Persian is confirmed by semantic and
chronological factors. In Georgian „Zabun~ and „manZil~ have Persian and not Arabic
meanings. Besides, these borrowings are found in Georgian literary monuments after XI
century when Georgian had ceased direct contacts with Arabic.
Based on „zirak||Zirak~ forms, Middle Persian etymon *zirаk is restored. „zirak||
Zirak~||„ zira~||„ Zira~ is a cyclic borrowing which penetrated into Georgian at various
stages of Persian-Georgian language contacts. „zirak||Zirak~ is borrowed from Middle
Persian, whereas „zira~||„Zira~ is borrowed from New Persian.
42