issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University

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www.forum.ge. 13.01.2009
Ketevan Megrelishvili
On the Origin and Homonimization of the Word “tavani” in Georgian
Summary
For centuries Georgian-Persian language contacts have occurred not only through writing
but orally as well. The oral contacts were conditioned by the inhabitance of Persians in the
Eastern part of Georgia. On the basis of live language contacts, certain nominative and
communicative units, as well as phrases and phraseological units, were borrowed.
The given paper focuses on the word (tavani) widespread in Georgian urban jargon. The
word denotes “an amount of money lost in gambling”, “an amount of money to be paid to
the winning gambler” or “a certain action that has to be performed as a result of losing a
game”. ‘tavani’ is a borrowing from Persian, the etymon of which is a polysemantic
lexeme tāvān meaning: a) compensation of damage, monetary or other type of fine; b)
something given instead, a substitute; c) crime, mistake, sin; d) an amount lost in gambling.
As a result of borrowing, the Georgian version of the word underwent the narrowing of the
semantic field; hence, the word is monosemantic and its meaning coincides with (d) from
the above-mentioned list. In Persian numerous verbal phraseological units and set
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