issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
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fati anTaZe-malaSxia<br />
30<br />
enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi _ 2011<br />
qarTulSi Semosuli sami orientalizmis Sesaxeb<br />
(„zirak||Zirak~||„zira~||„Zira~; „Zabun~-i; „manZil~-i)<br />
axlo aRmosavlur enebTan xangrZlivma da mWidro urTierTobam qar-<br />
TulSi mniSvnelovani kvali datova am enaTagan Semosul nasesxobaTa saxiT.<br />
sparsuli, romelsac yvelaze ufro xangrZlivi urTierTobebi akav-<br />
Sirebda qarTulTan 1 , gvevlineboda rogorc uSualo, aseve Suamavali gamsesxeblis<br />
rolSi. mas Semdeg, rac mniSvnelovanwilad Sesustda da TandaTanobiT<br />
gawyda qarTulis uSualo Sexeba arabulTan, didad gaizarda<br />
sparsulis, rogorc Suamavali enis roli arabuli warmomavlobis erTeulTa<br />
dasamkvidreblad qarTulSi. amgvar erTeulTa aRsaniSnad gaCnda pirobiTi<br />
termini „arabul-sparsuli sityvebi~ (andronikaSvili 1965: 297-<br />
330; andronikaSvili 1966: 8), romelic moiazrebs sparsuli gziT Semosul<br />
arabizmebs maTi gamocalkevebis safuZvelze uSualod arabulidan<br />
nasesxeb sityvaTagan rogorc qronologiur, aseve fonetikur kriterium-<br />
Ta moxmobiT (andronikaSvili 1965). SevniSnavT, rom rig SemTxvevebSi<br />
ver dgindeba arabizmTa qarTulSi Semosvlis gza, es ZiriTadad exeba im<br />
sityvebs, romelTa etimonebSi ar dasturdeba is specifikuri fonemebi<br />
(vTqvaT, ق – q, ط – ÷ an difTongebi), romlebic sxvadasxvagvarad gadmoicema<br />
qarTulSi uSualod arabulidan da sparsulidan gaSualebuli gziT<br />
Semosvlisas. amgvar SemTxvevebSi qronologiurTan erTad mosaSveliebelia<br />
semantikuri kriteriumi, kerZod, Sesapirispirebelia qarTulSi damkvidrebuli<br />
nasesxobis mniSvneloba arabul da sparsul mniSvnelobebTan.<br />
savsebiT viziarebT mosazrebas, romlis Tanaxmad, umarTebuloa XI<br />
saukunis Semdgom qarTulSi arabizmTa Semosvlis erTaderT wyarod sparsulis,<br />
zogjer Turqulis miCneva (silagaZe 2008: 218) da arabul-qar-<br />
Tuli cocxali enobrivi urTierTobebis Sewyvetis fonze qarTulisaTvis<br />
sakuTriv arabulidan sesxebis SesaZleblobis gamoricxva im sityvebisaTvis,<br />
romlebic sparsulSic an TurqulSic damkvidrdnen. qarTulSi uSualo<br />
da gaSualebuli gziT Semosul arabizmTa gasamijnad saWiroa kompleqsuri<br />
midgoma (silagaZe 2008: 221), kerZod, erToblivadaa gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />
zemoxsenebuli qronologiuri, fonetikuri da semantikuri<br />
faqtorebi. amgvar mravalfaqtorul midgomas saWiroebs aseve uSualod<br />
sparsuli warmomavlobis nasesxobaTa analizic. es dagvexmareba am nases-<br />
1 savaraudod, qarTulis sparsulTan Sexeba mxolod saSualo da axali enobrivi<br />
periodebiT ar Semoifargleboda da Zvel sparsulsac moicavda (andronikaSvili<br />
1966:8, 20). Sesabamisad, XX saukunis dasawyisamde gagrZelebul sparsul-qarTul<br />
enobriv kontaqtebs, iseve rogorc qarTulis urTierTobas zogadad iranul<br />
enobriv samyarosTan, dasabami Cv.w. V saukunemde mieca.
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