issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
issues of linguistics - Tbilisi State University
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enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi – 2011<br />
fonotaqtika da sistemis elementTa<br />
diaqroniuli transformacia<br />
(II nawili)<br />
naTela quTelia<br />
XX saukunem gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula lingvitikis, rogorc<br />
mecnierebis, ganviTarebaSi. swored man gansazRvra ena, rogorc sakuTriv<br />
lingvistikis obieqti, Tavis srul da mravalmxriv ganzomilebaSi. `fonemis~<br />
da `morfemis~, rogorc abstraqtul erTeulTa, axleburma gagebam<br />
saSualeba misca lingvistebs Seiswavlon enaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva ierarqiuli<br />
doneebi.<br />
`fonema~ da `morfema~, rogorc enis ierarqiuli erTeulebi, qmnian<br />
realur enobriv struqturebs enobrivi ierarqiis sxvadasxva doneze, romelTa<br />
urTierTmimarTeba ayalibebs enas rogorc sistemas.<br />
imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba enobriv movlenaTa mecnieruli<br />
sistematizacia, misi albaTobis xarisxi, miT ufro TvalsaCino iqneba<br />
ierarqiul doneTa erTeulebis sintagmaturi mimarTebebi, romlebic ayalibeben<br />
enas mTlianobaSi – rogorc diaqroniul, ise sinqroniul Wril-<br />
Si.<br />
mecniereba enis Sesaxeb, iseve rogorc yvela sxva mecniereba, dogmaTa<br />
sistema ar aris – meTodebi icvleba da Sesabamisad Sedegebic. `fonema~<br />
sametyvelo bgeraa, is realurad arsebobs da enaTmecnierebis Seswavlis<br />
sagans warmoadgens; enaSi, rogorc sistemaSi, Tanamoqmedebs bgeris materialuri<br />
substancia da funqcia. materialuri substanciisa da funqciis<br />
organuli Serwymis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli enis sxvadasxva ierarqiul<br />
doneTa Tanamoqmedeba, swored esaa `fonemis~ rogorc abstraqtuli er-<br />
Teulis, axleburi gageba da ara fonetikisa da fonologiis dapirispireba,<br />
rogorc es n. trubeckoisTan gvaqvs. `fonologia rogorc saenaTmecniero<br />
disciplina swavlobs sametyvelo bgeras anu fonemas sityvaTganmasxvavebluri<br />
funqciis TvalsazrisiT, gamodis ra misi (fonemis)<br />
akustikur-fiziolgiuri raobidan~ (axvlediani 1999:263).<br />
fonema abstraqcia ar aris am sityvis piridapiri mniSvnelobiT. imaves<br />
amtkiceben `funqcionaluri fonetikis~, rogorc fonetikis axali mimarTulebis<br />
Casaxvis da Teoriis Camoyalibebis pionerebi: p. uslari, i.<br />
boduen de kurtene, n. kruSevski, l. SCerba, mogvianebiT g. axvlediani da<br />
a. martine.<br />
lingvistikis sauniversiteto kursebSi damkvidrda termini – `fonetika-fonologia~.<br />
vfiqrob, amTaviTve unda ganixilebodes problema: aris<br />
es terminTa dapirispireba, Tu arsebiTad erTi da igivea – rasakvirvelia,<br />
erTi da igivea, vinaidan igulisxmeba sametyvelo anu socialurad Rire-<br />
265
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