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AUÐRA PAÞËRAITË
76
MUSAR JUDËJIMAS LIETUVOJE:
RABINIÐKASIS XIX A. BILDUNG PROJEKTAS
LOGOS 34
2003 LIEPA • RUGSËJIS
AUÐRA PAÞËRAITË
Vilniaus universitetas
The Musar Movement in Lithuania:
The 19th Century Rabinistic Bildung Project
SUMMARY
The Musar idea of Israel Salanter is an elitist rabbinic project of education, parallel to the German
Bildung or the rationalistic Enlightenment ideal of the educated person in French and Anglo-Saxon
modern cultures. The very heart of musar teaching is the control over the inner deepest “roots of the
heart“, especially those which normally escape from consciousness, by means of a method proposed
by Salanter. In such a way, it is expected to reach an ideal of Jewishness.
ÁVADAS
RAKTAÞODÞIAI. Musar, ugdymas, þydiðkumo idealas, þmogiðkumo idealas, Apðvieta.
KEY WORDS. Musar, education, ideal of Jewishness, ideal of humaneness, Enlightenment.
Gauta 2003-07-11
Devynioliktasis amþius gyvuliðkesnis, poþeminis; jis bjauresnis, realistiðkesnis,
brutalesnis – ir kaip tik todël „geresnis“, „sàþiningesnis“, paklusnesnis visokios rûðies
tikrovei, tikras; uþtai silpnas valia, uþtai liûdnas ir tamsiø geismø, uþtai fatalistiðkesnis.
Nëra baimës ir gërëjimosi nei „proto“, nei „ðirdies“ atþvilgiu; gilus ásitikinimas
polinkiø vieðpatavimu. (Schopenhaueris kalbëjo „valia“, bet jo filosofijai nieko
nëra charakteringesnio, kaip tai, kad joje nëra tikros valios.) Netgi moralë traktuojama
kaip instinktas („uþuojauta“).
Friedrich Nietzsche, Valia galiai, 95
Vienas þymesniø po Vilniaus Gaono religinio-moralinio sàjûdþio, vadinamo
litvakø rabinø – Izraelis Salantiðkis musar, pradininkas. Þydø ðvietimo (Has-
(1810–1883) – labiausiai þinomas kaip kala) sàjûdþio, XIX a. pabaigoje – XX a.