Dimensiuni ale limbajului n context carceral

Zgomotele au urcat la primul etaj [...]. Cizmele au urcat din nou. Cheia s-a răsucit. Repede! Să mă scol! Să mă
îmbrac! Când sunt gata, miliţianca deschide uşa. Trei bărbaţi intră. Trei miliţieni [...]. O simplă percheziţie” 2 .
Din fericire, cuvântul nu-şi epuizează resursele şi faţetele cu prilejul întrebuinţării lui în sens negativ.
Dimpotrivă, una din marile salvări ale deţinuţilor de pretutindeni se bazează pe limbaj.
BIBLIOGRAFIE:
1. Cesereanu, Ruxandra, Gulagul în conştiinţa românească: memorialistica şi literatura închisorilor şi lagărelor comuniste – eseu
de mentalitate-, ediţia a doua revăzută şi adăugită, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 2005, 228 p.
2. Idem, Panopticum. Tortura politică în secolul XX – studiu de mentalitate-, cuvânt înainte de Alexandru Zub, Iaşi, Institutul
European, 2001, 269 p.
3. Constante ,Lena, Evadarea tăcută. 3000 de zile singură în închisorile din România, Ediţia a II-a, Bucureşti, Editura Florile
Dalbe, 1995, 256 p.
4. Golopenţia, Anton, Ultima carte:text integral al declaraţiilor în anchetă ale lui Anton Golopenţia aflate în Arhivele S.R.I., ediţie
îngrijită şi prefaţă de Sanda Golopenţia, Bucureşti , Editura Enciclopedică, , 2001, 869 p.
5. Rădulescu, Mihai, Istoria literaturii române de detentie,vol.II Mărturisirea colaborării, Bucureşti, Editura Ramida, 1998, 324 p.
6. Slama-Cazacu, Tatiana, Limba de lemn, în „România literară”, 17 octombrie, 1991.
7. Şerbulescu, Andrei, Monarhia de drept dialectic, prefaţă de George Brătescu, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 1991, 207 p.
8. Thom, Françoise, Limba de lemn, traducere de Mona Antohi, studiu introductiv de Sorin Antohi, Bucureşti Editura Humanitas,
1993, 247 p.
LINGUISTIC DIMENSIONS OF IMPRISONMENT
Summary
Closely related to the idea of subjectivity, language develops in the confinement both benefic and detrimental dimensions, due
to its two-edged and flexible character. Still, the negative valence seems to be the predominant one.
The apparently harmless “ritual words”are actually a means of creating that monotonous and apathetic climate so specific to
prison and so prejudicial to the political prisoner. Some other words,such as “party”or “camrade” receive an almost sacred
status,so they are absolutely forbidden to those who have betrayed the communist cause.Besides these examples, the most frequent
utilizati-ons of language are the false autobiography and the perfunctory criticism. Both Belu Zilber and Lena Constante have
finally agreed to admit all sorts of political crimes which they have never actually committed. Zilber even manages to imagine real
“novels”.He understands that his lying statements do not need any proof in order to be accepted by the judjes of the time. As long
as his words are typed, their authority and impact are undeniable. They build up “the file”, the great god of the communist
regime.As for the criticism, Anton Golopentia is the most representative. The pressure of the inquiry, his weak character, his
growing fear have determined some dolorous and self-incriminating declarations. When language is used by the oppressors, its
injurious influence is even greater. Their language is either a so-called “wood language”(a fix and stinted vocabulary, expressing
the lack of thinking),or an insolent one,agressing the victim. Another linguistic mark that characterizes the gaolers is a sort of
sexual language, used some-times in an aggressive, and other times in an ironic register . When the physical and mental torture
have reached their climax,the languageof the detainee is reduced to a single dimension:the scream. Sometimes the torturer wants
to hear the sound of pain,other times any howl is banned. The prison is also the place of less dramatic souns. In the realm of
silence, the noise is the privilege of the authorities and is perceived by the detainee in an exacerbated manner. The sound of the
peep hole and of the hurried steps inculcate upon this space a tormenting rhythm.
Fortunately , the language used in prison does not have only negative facets. On the contrary,one of the gratest srategies of
resistance is based on language.
Cuvinte-cheie: Cuvinte „ritualice”, Cuvinte „nobile”, Falsa autobiografie, Autocritica, Dosar, Limba de lemn, Limbaj
sexualizat, Urlet, Zgomot.
1 Lena Constante, op. cit., p. 43.
2 Ibidem, p. 179.