Hør dog hvad de siger - Note-to-Self: Trials & Errors

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2: Two questions from MIN’s representative surveys Most purist Least purist Far too many English words are being used in [language] these days Norway Iceland Sweden Finland Swe-Finland The Faeroes Denmark 198 New words should be created to substitute for the English words entering into the language The Faeroes Iceland Norway Swe-Finland Finland Sweden Denmark It seems relatively straight forward to point to the different histories of independence to ex- plain the differences in language policy and general level of linguistic consciousness. Appa- rently, the younger nations, which were build in explicit opposition to the former colonizers, took to their (rural) language when the need to define themselves as independent nations emerged. Purifying the language became a symbol of throwing off the cape of the colonizers. In more recent times when the perceived threat to the language is no longer from the former colonizers but from English, a purist ideology is already forged and merely changes its focus. The older, more established nations on the other hand never had to fight for political, cultural and linguistic independence. Actually, as in the case of Danish, there was a historical tradition of acceptance of cultural and linguistic influence, not least from Low German in the middle ages. Some estimates say that 30 - 40 % of the Danish words currently used stem from Low German (Torp 2004). How do we know that what we think they think is really what they think? We have so far seen that different language political views appear in large scale quantitative measures. We have yet to see qualitatively how they materialize in people’s everyday talk about language policy. Because these general trends are of course only the markings left by individuals’ discursive actions. We will narrow the scope to talk only about Danes’ construc- tion of attitudes towards English. For comparable analyses from the other Nordic countries see Nyström Höög (2004), Lunde (forthc.), Matfolk (forthc.), Tamminen (forthc.), Hanna Óladóttir (forthc.) and Jacobsen (forthc.) working with the Swedish, Norwegian, Sweden- Finnish, Finnish, Icelandic and Faeroese material respectively, and for a more exhaustive analysis of the Danish material, see Thøgersen (forthc.).
There are several reasons for complimenting quantitative measures with qualitative, not least the wish to gain insights into informants’ own thinking about the questions the re- searchers find it relevant to ask them, i.e. to understand not just which attitudes they hold, but maybe also why they hold them. The qualitative investigation in question is comprised of 49 interviews with informants from all walks of life, from managers to factory line workers. The interviews lasted from 45 minutes to 2 hours. Although I call the interviews qualitative, in fact they involved both quantitative and qualitative interviewing using both a questionnaire with app. 120 questions as well as audio recordings of the interaction between interviewer and interviewee during the filling in of the questionnaires (see Thøgersen (2005a) for a discussion of the use of quantitative and qualitative interview techniques). The informants were actively encouraged to comment on their filling in, to "think aloud", and to ask questions and comment on things they did not understand or found irrelevant, stupid etc. The qualitative data are thus more than anything data about the task of conducting an attitude interview. Through them, however, we gain new insights into what ordinary people find relevant in arguing an attitude; and equally important, we have a handle on how the informants understood the questions they were confronted with. This understanding is not always the one we would immediately expect when we see the questionnaire derived of context. Variant interpretations In order to illustrate this point we draw on a question from the MIN survey, viz. the question “To which extent do you agree that it would be better if everybody in the world spoke English as their mother tongue?”. The numeric answers as presented in table 3 are striking in that they suggest that as much as 22 % of the Danes would give up on their native language, Danish, in favour of English. The qualitative interview posed the same question with similar numeric results. Table 3 It would be better if everybody in the world spoke English as their mother tongue Agree completely 13.2 % Agree somewhat 8.9 % Neither agree nor disagree 4.9 % Disagree somewhat 12.3 % Disagree completely 58.9 % Don’t know 1.8 % 199
Page 1:
Hør dog hvad de siger at undersøg
Page 5 and 6:
Indhold Tekst 1: Jacob Thøgersen:
Page 7 and 8:
en værdifuld metateori. Jeg vil i
Page 9 and 10:
Samtidigt er valget af metateori st
Page 11 and 12:
Figur 1: Teorikompleks 11
Page 13 and 14:
ne artikulation af oppositioner bas
Page 15 and 16:
som ikke har andet tilfælles end a
Page 17 and 18:
gelsk som et neutralt verdenssprog
Page 19 and 20:
lige nybrud er sket ved at inddrage
Page 21 and 22:
henvise til Foucaults magtanalyser
Page 23 and 24:
diskuteret og udlagt af informant o
Page 25 and 26:
er for stor, den består stort set
Page 27 and 28:
Det er også denne trussel der adva
Page 29 and 30:
Lægfolk her i undersøgelsen tager
Page 31 and 32:
Spørgeskemaundersøgelsen viser et
Page 33 and 34:
Med analysen af informanternes folk
Page 35 and 36:
Briggs, Charles L. 1984. Learning h
Page 37 and 38:
Fuglsang, Martin. 1998. At være p
Page 39 and 40:
Lazarfeld, Paul F. 1944. The Contro
Page 41 and 42:
Preston, Dennis R. 2004. Folk Metal
Page 43 and 44:
Wetherell, M. & J. Potter. 1992. Ma
Page 45 and 46:
empirical data of this project are
Page 47 and 48:
also shed light on the “linguisti
Page 49 and 50:
Table 2 Attitudes towards English i
Page 51 and 52:
ons and the problem of labels havin
Page 53 and 54:
One could raise a crucial critique
Page 55 and 56:
One certain exception to this gener
Page 57 and 58:
References Bourdieu, Pierre (1991):
Page 59 and 60:
INTERVIEWS ER MANGE TING At kalde
Page 61 and 62:
sin kritik af det sociolingvistiske
Page 63 and 64:
ske interview ses som eksponent for
Page 65 and 66:
kunne ligeledes være gode grunde t
Page 67 and 68:
uger i stedet for journalisten den
Page 69 and 70:
skelle mellem de to retninger. Desu
Page 71 and 72:
nacular” defineres som ”that mo
Page 73 and 74:
holdningsudtrykkenes væsen. For at
Page 75 and 76:
om hvordan de udtrykker sig. Ved at
Page 77 and 78:
af de to metoder til noget videnska
Page 79 and 80:
afspejling ville vi jo forvente at
Page 81 and 82:
ene side den ortodokse CA’s analy
Page 83 and 84:
en bizar form for samtale i hvert f
Page 85 and 86:
LITTERATUR Albris, J. (1991): ”St
Page 87 and 88:
Tekst 4 THE QUEST FOR OBJECTIVITY I
Page 89 and 90:
2.1 Formal standardisation Fowler &
Page 91 and 92:
3. Conversation Analysis The psycho
Page 93 and 94:
‘well that’s because I think En
Page 95 and 96:
exact moment in the conversation. T
Page 97 and 98:
31 sikker på så forstår man hina
Page 99 and 100:
Wolfson supports her claims by show
Page 101 and 102:
The effect of Briggs’ points is t
Page 103 and 104:
word - or rather with a certain mea
Page 105 and 106:
minder of Doris’ poor health or h
Page 107 and 108:
The provocative conclusion that can
Page 109 and 110:
we would never agree to otherwise.
Page 111 and 112:
Heegaard, Jan, Ulrik Hvilshøj & Er
Page 113 and 114:
Begrundelsen for at operere med et
Page 115 and 116:
2. Er resultaterne af E1 og E2 samm
Page 117 and 118:
selvbillede ved at lægge afstand t
Page 119 and 120:
63/37 - 1989: 58/42 - 1999: 52/48 1
Page 121 and 122:
Tabel 3: Kønsforskelle mht. holdni
Page 123 and 124:
varighed (N= 497); gruppen ’høj
Page 125 and 126:
(1) Må jeg lige spørge om noget?
Page 127 and 128:
I samfundet udenfor kan der derimod
Page 129 and 130:
(5) Jeg synes også man skal værne
Page 131 and 132:
5.3 Kønsidentiteten og de konkrete
Page 133 and 134:
6 Konklusion Når spørgsmålet om
Page 135 and 136:
Fishman, Pamela M. 1983. Interactio
Page 137 and 138:
central perspective in our approach
Page 139 and 140:
direction - in fact, Norden has mad
Page 141 and 142:
alization, ‘the ideology of the N
Page 143 and 144:
some 200 informants in the seven No
Page 145 and 146:
derstood the questions and having t
Page 147 and 148: One very obvious reason why some pe
Page 149 and 150: Thus, it is understandable that the
Page 151 and 152: ather cooler view of Scandinavian r
Page 153 and 154: present in our interpretation of th
Page 155 and 156: It is not surprising that it is mor
Page 157 and 158: necessary analyst-awareness of the
Page 159 and 160: find is indeed that the claim that
Page 161 and 162: language policies. At the same time
Page 163 and 164: This stands in implicit opposition
Page 165 and 166: sion. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertatio
Page 167 and 168: analyse. Som appendiks findes de en
Page 169 and 170: Tabel 10.1: Hvem påvirker vores sp
Page 171 and 172: Denne forståelse er formentlig for
Page 173 and 174: Til sidst udvikler man måske endda
Page 175 and 176: Politikere de finder nogle gange p
Page 177 and 178: Jeg tror meget af den der sprogpåv
Page 179 and 180: 10.2.b Kvalitativt Spørgsmålet om
Page 181 and 182: sko for at kommunikere internationa
Page 183 and 184: Der bliver nødt til at være en vi
Page 185 and 186: de mest nationalistisk indstillede.
Page 187 and 188: Denne konkrete positivitet kan opsu
Page 189 and 190: i hvert fald en eller anden basis f
Page 191 and 192: Jeg tror slet ikke jeg kender den s
Page 193 and 194: mer når det som her er et spørgsm
Page 195 and 196: Tekst 8 Coming to terms with Englis
Page 197: calized versions of) American youth
Page 201 and 202: I think we delimit many people by h
Page 203 and 204: does induce unforeseen aspects into
Page 205 and 206: ‘International languages’ - Eng
Page 207 and 208: Notice how the size of the language
Page 209 and 210: It is difficult to give a broad est
Page 211 and 212: On the other hand, if South America
Page 213 and 214: I believe we should give far more l
Page 215 and 216: ned, I believe they translate more;
Page 217 and 218: discussion, e.g. in a question abou
Page 219 and 220: Human beings are habitual animals.
Page 221 and 222: of quantitative questionnaires has
Page 223 and 224: References Aitchison, Jean. 1991. L
Page 225 and 226: Tekst 9 Pragmatikalisering, neutral
Page 227 and 228: neutraliseringen af egen holdning,
Page 229 and 230: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Page 231 and 232: tyder dog ikke at man nødvendigvis
Page 233 and 234: lokal. Der er intet der siger, at d
Page 235 and 236: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 237 and 238: 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 10
Page 239 and 240: Hvis det er svært at finde et enty
Page 241 and 242: pen for at opnå de to identitetsm
Page 243 and 244: også selv om intervieweren forment
Page 245 and 246: Maynard, D.W., H. Houtkoop-Steenstr
Page 247 and 248: senterer sine resultater abstrakt o
Page 249 and 250:
individer. Man kan mene at det går
Page 251 and 252:
dækker delvis hinanden som et symb
Page 253 and 254:
Klikker man på siden, bliver man s
Page 255 and 256:
English summary During the past hal
Page 257 and 258:
41 C13 K 23 45 min. 21.5.2003 JT 42
Page 259 and 260:
1.5c) Hvilket ord foretrækker du a
Page 261 and 262:
3.6) Det er helt i orden og bare en
Page 263 and 264:
6.6) Hvilke ord bruger du selv? de
Page 265:
Baggrundsspørgsmål Sproglig selvv
show all

Hør dog hvad de siger - Note-to-Self: Trials & Errors

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?