Hør dog hvad de siger - Note-to-Self: Trials & Errors

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Dansk resume Danmark, såvel som resten af (den vestlige del af) verdenen, har det sidste halve århundrede oplevet en stadig stigende kulturel påvirkning fra (amerikansk)engelsk. På den sproglige side tager påvirkningen adskillige forskellige former: engelske låneord, skift til engelsk i forskellige samfundsdomæner, øget interesse for engelsk på bekostning af andre fremmedsprog osv. Denne afhandling handler om danskernes opfattelse af påvirkningen fra engelsk. Dels om deres holdninger til engelsk, dels om deres diskursive konstruktion af disse holdninger. Afhandlingen har altså et dobbelt fokus. På den ene side analyserer den holdninger som de fremkommer i interviews med danskere med forskellig social baggrund, med en sær- lig interesse for de argumenter de lægger til grund for deres holdningstilkendegivelser. På den anden side undersøger den interviewet som metode i en sådan udforskning og kritiserer på empirisk grundlag det standardiserede interview som det forsøges gennemført. Afhandlingen er således refleksiv. I stedet for at antage at informant og forsker forstår de undersøgte sprogpolitiske problemstillinger på samme måde, forsøger den at analysere hvordan informanterne forstår interviewets spørgsmål. Det analytiske blik vendes således mod den kontekstualiserede betydningsdannelse i interviewet. I yderste konsekvens medfører denne refleksive selvanalyse en dekonstruktion af undersøgelsens udsagn. Det antages dog at det også fører til en øget for- ståelse af begrebet holdninger, af interviewet som betydnings- og holdningskonstruerende praksis såvel som af både lingvistikkens og lægmandens forståelse af den sprogpolitiske vir- kelighed i Danmark i dag. Afhandlingen består af 10 tekster der er struktureret i forhold til dette dobbelte fokus. Nogle af dem diskuterer interviewteknik og standardisering i teoretiske vendinger, nogle fremlægger kvantitative henholdsvis kvalitative holdningsresultater, og endelig forsøger nogle at vise hvordan holdningsresultaterne er fremkommet som resultat af interviewets sociale in- teraktion. I den interaktive præsentation der er vedlagt på cd-rom, eksperimenteres der med alternativ forskningsformidling i et forsøg på at lade fremlægningens form afspejle afhandlin- gens refleksive sigte. Afhandlingen har ikke én samlende konklusion, hver tekst indeholder sine egne på- stande. Overordnet problematiseres dog en holdningsundersøgelse som ikke tager hensyn til interviewets interaktionelle elementer, og det vises at engelsk af informanterne konstrueres som default-sproget mod hvilket andre sprog måles, samtidig med at engelsk associeres til modernitet og internationalitet. 254
English summary During the past half century, Denmark, as well as the rest of the (Western part of) the world, has experienced a growing cultural influence from (American) English. In the languages, this influence has taken different forms: English loanwords, shifts to English in some public do- mains (most notably, in higher education and business communication), a rising interest in English at the expense of other foreign languages etc. This dissertation is about Danes’ con- ception of the influence from the English language; both about their attitudes towards English, and about their discursive construction of these attitudes. The dissertation thus has a double focus. On the one hand, it analyses attitudes as they are expressed in interviews with Danes of various social backgrounds, with a special empha- sis on the arguments that informants base their attitudes upon. On the other, it investigates interviews as a method in the investigation of attitudes and criticizes on empirical grounds the standardized interview as it is attempted to be conducted. The dissertation is thus reflexive. Instead of assuming that informant and researcher understand the language political issues to be investigated in similar ways, it attempts to analyze how the informant makes sense of the interview’s questions. Thus, the analytical scope is on the contextualized construction of meaning in the interview. The extreme consequence of this reflexive self-analysis is the de- construction of the claims of the dissertation. However, it is assumed that the reflexive analysis also contributes an awareness of the concept of attitude, of the interview as a meaning- and attitude-constructing practice, as well as an awareness of linguists’ as well as lay men’s con- ception of the language political reality in Denmark at present. The dissertation is comprised of 10 texts that are structured according to the double focus of the dissertation. Some discuss interview methods and standardization in theoretical terms, some present quantitative respectively qualitative attitude results, and finally, some at- tempt to show how the attitude results have evolved through the social interaction of the interview. In the interactive presentation which is handed in as part of the dissertation, experi- ments are made with an alternative means of presenting research results. The goal is to let the form of the presentation reflect the dissertation's reflexive aim. The dissertation does not present one overarching conclusion; each text poses its own claims. However, throughout the dissertation a critical objection is made against an attitude investigation that does not regard the interactional aspects of the interview setting; and it is shown how Danes construe English as the default language against which all other languages are measured, while they associate English with modernity and internationality. 255
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Hør dog hvad de siger at undersøg
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Indhold Tekst 1: Jacob Thøgersen:
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en værdifuld metateori. Jeg vil i
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Samtidigt er valget af metateori st
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Figur 1: Teorikompleks 11
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ne artikulation af oppositioner bas
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som ikke har andet tilfælles end a
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gelsk som et neutralt verdenssprog
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lige nybrud er sket ved at inddrage
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henvise til Foucaults magtanalyser
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diskuteret og udlagt af informant o
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er for stor, den består stort set
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Det er også denne trussel der adva
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Lægfolk her i undersøgelsen tager
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Spørgeskemaundersøgelsen viser et
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Med analysen af informanternes folk
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Briggs, Charles L. 1984. Learning h
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Fuglsang, Martin. 1998. At være p
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Lazarfeld, Paul F. 1944. The Contro
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Preston, Dennis R. 2004. Folk Metal
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Wetherell, M. & J. Potter. 1992. Ma
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empirical data of this project are
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also shed light on the “linguisti
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Table 2 Attitudes towards English i
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ons and the problem of labels havin
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One could raise a crucial critique
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One certain exception to this gener
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References Bourdieu, Pierre (1991):
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INTERVIEWS ER MANGE TING At kalde
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sin kritik af det sociolingvistiske
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ske interview ses som eksponent for
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kunne ligeledes være gode grunde t
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uger i stedet for journalisten den
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skelle mellem de to retninger. Desu
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nacular” defineres som ”that mo
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holdningsudtrykkenes væsen. For at
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om hvordan de udtrykker sig. Ved at
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af de to metoder til noget videnska
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afspejling ville vi jo forvente at
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ene side den ortodokse CA’s analy
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en bizar form for samtale i hvert f
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LITTERATUR Albris, J. (1991): ”St
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Tekst 4 THE QUEST FOR OBJECTIVITY I
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2.1 Formal standardisation Fowler &
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3. Conversation Analysis The psycho
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‘well that’s because I think En
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exact moment in the conversation. T
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31 sikker på så forstår man hina
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Wolfson supports her claims by show
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The effect of Briggs’ points is t
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word - or rather with a certain mea
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minder of Doris’ poor health or h
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The provocative conclusion that can
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we would never agree to otherwise.
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Heegaard, Jan, Ulrik Hvilshøj & Er
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Begrundelsen for at operere med et
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2. Er resultaterne af E1 og E2 samm
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selvbillede ved at lægge afstand t
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63/37 - 1989: 58/42 - 1999: 52/48 1
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Tabel 3: Kønsforskelle mht. holdni
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varighed (N= 497); gruppen ’høj
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(1) Må jeg lige spørge om noget?
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I samfundet udenfor kan der derimod
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(5) Jeg synes også man skal værne
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5.3 Kønsidentiteten og de konkrete
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6 Konklusion Når spørgsmålet om
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Fishman, Pamela M. 1983. Interactio
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central perspective in our approach
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direction - in fact, Norden has mad
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alization, ‘the ideology of the N
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some 200 informants in the seven No
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derstood the questions and having t
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One very obvious reason why some pe
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Thus, it is understandable that the
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ather cooler view of Scandinavian r
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present in our interpretation of th
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It is not surprising that it is mor
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necessary analyst-awareness of the
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find is indeed that the claim that
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language policies. At the same time
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This stands in implicit opposition
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sion. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertatio
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analyse. Som appendiks findes de en
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Tabel 10.1: Hvem påvirker vores sp
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Denne forståelse er formentlig for
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Til sidst udvikler man måske endda
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Politikere de finder nogle gange p
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Jeg tror meget af den der sprogpåv
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10.2.b Kvalitativt Spørgsmålet om
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sko for at kommunikere internationa
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Der bliver nødt til at være en vi
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de mest nationalistisk indstillede.
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Denne konkrete positivitet kan opsu
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i hvert fald en eller anden basis f
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Jeg tror slet ikke jeg kender den s
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mer når det som her er et spørgsm
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Tekst 8 Coming to terms with Englis
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calized versions of) American youth
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There are several reasons for compl
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I think we delimit many people by h
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Page 239 and 240: Hvis det er svært at finde et enty
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Page 243 and 244: også selv om intervieweren forment
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Page 259 and 260: 1.5c) Hvilket ord foretrækker du a
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Hør dog hvad de siger - Note-to-Self: Trials & Errors

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