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George Orwell 1 9 8 4<br />

‘No!’ exclaimed O’Brien. His voice had changed<br />

extraordinarily, and his face had suddenly become<br />

both stern and animated. ‘No! Not merely to extract<br />

your confession, not to punish you. Shall I tell you<br />

why we have brought you here? To cure you! To<br />

make you sane! Will you understand, Winston, that<br />

no one whom we bring to this place ever leaves our<br />

hands uncured? We are not interested in those<br />

stupid crimes that you have committed. The Party<br />

is not interested in the overt act: the thought is all<br />

we care about. We do not merely destroy our<br />

enemies, we change them. Do you understand what<br />

I mean by that?’<br />

He was bending over Winston. His face looked<br />

enormous because of its nearness, and hideously<br />

ugly because it was seen from below. Moreover it<br />

was filled with a sort of exaltation, a lunatic<br />

intensity. Again Winston’s heart shrank. If it had<br />

been possible he would have cowered deeper into<br />

the bed. He felt certain that O’Brien was about to<br />

twist the dial out of sheer wantonness. At this<br />

moment, however, O’Brien turned away. He took a<br />

pace or two up and down. Then he continued less<br />

vehemently:<br />

‘The first thing for you to understand is that in this<br />

place there are no martyrdoms. You have read of<br />

the religious persecutions of the past. In the Middle<br />

Ages there was the Inquisition. It was a failure. It<br />

set out to eradicate heresy, and ended by<br />

perpetuating it. For every heretic it burned at the<br />

stake, thousands of others rose up. Why was that?<br />

Because the Inquisition killed its enemies in the<br />

open, and killed them while they were still<br />

unrepentant: in fact, it killed them because they<br />

were unrepentant. Men were dying because they<br />

would not abandon their true beliefs. Naturally all<br />

the glory belonged to the victim and all the shame<br />

to the Inquisitor who burned him. Later, in the<br />

twentieth century, there were the totalitarians, as<br />

they were called. There were the German Nazis and<br />

the Russian Communists. The Russians persecuted<br />

heresy more cruelly than the Inquisition had done.<br />

And they imagined that they had learned from the<br />

mistakes of the past; they knew, at any rate, that<br />

one must not make martyrs. Before they exposed<br />

287<br />

— ¡No! exclamó O'Brien. Su voz había cambiado<br />

extraordinariamente y su rostro se había puesto de<br />

pronto serio y animado a la vez —. ¡No! No te<br />

traemos sólo para hacerte confesar y para<br />

castigarte. ¿Quieres que te diga para qué te hemos<br />

traído? ¡¡Para curarte!! ¡¡Para volverte cuerdo!!<br />

Debes saber, Winston, que ninguno de los que<br />

traemos aquí sale de nuestras manos sin haberse<br />

curado. No nos interesan esos estúpidos delitos que<br />

has cometido. Al Partido no le interesan los actos<br />

realizados; nos importa sólo el pensamiento. No<br />

sólo destruimos a nuestros enemigos, sino que los<br />

cambiamos. ¿Comprendes lo que quiero decir?<br />

Estaba inclinado sobre Winston. Su cara parecía<br />

enorme por su proximidad y horriblemente fea<br />

vista desde abajo. Además, sus facciones se<br />

alteraban por aquella exaltación, aquella intensidad<br />

de loco. Otra vez se le encogió el corazón a<br />

Winston. Si le hubiera sido posible, habría<br />

retrocedido. Estaba seguro de que O'Brien iba a<br />

mover la palanca por puro capricho. Sin embargo,<br />

en ese momento se apartó de él y paseó un poco<br />

por la habitación. Luego prosiguió con menos<br />

vehemencia:<br />

— Lo primero que debes comprender es que éste<br />

no es un lugar de martirio. Has leído cosas sobre<br />

las persecuciones religiosas en el pasado. En la<br />

Edad Media había la Inquisición. No funcionó.<br />

Pretendían erradicar la herejía y terminaron por<br />

perpetuarla. En las persecuciones antiguas por<br />

cada hereje quemado han surgido otros miles de<br />

ellos. ¿Por qué? Porque se mataba a los enemigos<br />

abiertamente y mientras aún no se habían<br />

arrepentido. Se moría por no abandonar las<br />

creencias heréticas. Naturalmente, así toda la<br />

gloria pertenecía a la víctima y la vergüenza al<br />

inquisidor que la quemaba. Más tarde, en el siglo<br />

XX, han existido los totalitarios, como los<br />

llamaban: los nazis alemanes y los comunistas<br />

rusos. Los rusos persiguieron a los herejes con<br />

mucha más crueldad que ninguna otra inquisición.<br />

Y se imaginaron que habían aprendido de los<br />

errores del pasado. Por lo menos sabían que no se<br />

deben hacer mártires. Antes de llevar a sus<br />

víctimas a un juicio público, se dedicaban a

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