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The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan Facebook : The Online Social Network for Political Consciousness Awakening of <strong>University</strong> Students in Thailand (Phase 1) Abstract Prof.Phichate Phimcharoen Kasembundit <strong>University</strong> , Bangkok THAILAND In April 2010, according to Thailand facing severe political crisis, there were anti-government protests and riots. However, it found that online social network, especially on Facebook. It was the most popular channel to communicate with each other for university students to update situations. Moreover, it was also the channel to make several appointments for political gathering as the anti-red shirt rally of university students. In doing so, this could show well that it was the university students’ political awakening and participation in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of Facebook as the political consciousness awakening of university students in the context of political crisis in April 2010. The data in research was derived from managing focus group interview from 12 university students who were online on Facebook and participated in political through Facebook. The findings showed that the students received political crisis information through Facebook; in addition, they were more interested in politics by giving their opinion and replies continually on several topics and checking and updating political crisis situations each day. Moreover, it also found that they searched for political crisis information and situations from news agencies’ websites and online newspapers and posted and updated the information and situations on Facebook to inform about the circumstances. Besides, they had new friends who had the same interest. The students explained about this phenomenon that Facebook was suitable for their lifestyles, and the information on Facebook was the latest and fresh and easy to access. Background and Significance of the study In Thailand, the development of communication was usually accordant with various capitalist countries in the world, but it was slower than those capitalist countries because of the restriction of government agencies and the relevant of law. Until today, communication via internet was more widely in Thailand. The online community, starting with Hi 5, increased gradually the most among teenagers several years ago. Because of the Thai language, it was easy to use for most teenagers. It was the reason why they used it broadly. In addition, Facebook was developed by adding Thai version and posting message in Thai as well. Therefore, there were numerous new groups especially university students and working age people. Furthermore, Facebook was designed as simple white background and several blue items on the webpage that suited with the serious use. On the first page, it was the main page for gathering all updated movement of friends such as status, pictures, link, and especially news which was the way to communicate among members who were friends. They could give their opinions and post their comments into this updated news board that user who had additional comments could post it subsequently. They could also add new forum for new members who were interested 211
The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan in the same topic. They applied in and share opinion on it which was a good way to communicate too. In addition, communication was always parallel with the context of Thai especially with Thai political crisis situations such as on 14 th October 1973 and 6 th October 1976. The crisis situations were that people and university students gathered for demanding constitution from dictatorship government. In those days, students had significant role in democracy and the student center of Thailand participated in the movement. In that period, communication technology had not developed yet and most university students recognized the stories and political idea from the discussions in books, three monthly magazine “Social Science Perspectives” and newspaper. The gathering occurred from face to face and leaders contacted each other by sending notes. In those times, "people" was the most powerful communication tool. Using telephone, there were only the rotation public telephones; besides, both television and radio had minimal users and they were under government power. The Black May in 1992 was the situation that people movement protested against the government of General Suchinda Kraprayoon as Prime Minister and National Peace Keeping Council (NPKC) on 17 th - 20 th May 1992, which was a Thai military junta that overthrew the civilian elected government of General Chatichai Choonhavan in February 1991. This situation leaded to the domination and control of police officers and soldiers to protesters. There were many deaths and injured, so this crisis also leaded to political change. This political gathering was called a “mobile mob” and a “pager mob” because most protesters were middle class, business men and working age that it was different from 14 th October situation which most protesters were university students. In addition, mobile technology had just arrived in Thailand. At that time there were mobile user approximately four hundred thousand people, particularly in Bangkok and in the big cities. The protesters also used mobile phone as an important communication tool, so The Black May was also called a “mobile mob”. In 2005 – 2008, there was a yellow-shirt protest. The government of Thaksin Shinawatra was kept an eye on the fraud policy. Starting with his first year as the Prime Minister in 2001, Television and Radio were bought by some political capital. In addition, TV program which reported in depth on the work of government was removed from the TV program schedule in September 2005. For this reason, ASTV satellite occurred and it could gather the yellow-shirt protesters in Bangkok and other provinces to join the rally. It could lead to the coup in September 2006 and the yellow-shirt protesters close Suvanabhumi Airport to pressure the government of Thaksin Shinawatra . Therefore, the government had to resign in 2008. The current severe political crisis began in 2009. The red-shirt protester continually rallied against the government of Abhisit Vejjajiva because the protesters claims that Thai Army were behind the dissolution of the People's Power Party (PPP) and making the Democrat Party became the leader of the coalition government and they also raised the topic of the double standards in society to against the government. This leaded to various conflicts in society and people who had the conflicts with each other would try to use the mechanisms both in violence and ideology as tools for their struggle (Kanjana Kaewthep: 1999). Later year, The United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) had continued the political 212
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(Person) Percentage - Sabanci University Research Database

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