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The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan Yudono, J. (2010, September 1). Program of Violent News has Minimum Narration. Retrived September 1, 2010 from http://oase.kompas.com/read/2010/09/01/0202202/Tayangan.Berita.Kekerasan.Mi nim.Narasi Yunita, K. (2010, August 21). Covering Residents Clash in Tual, TV Contributor Was Killed. Retrived August 23, 2010, from http://www.detiknews.com/read/2010/08/21/120133/1424802/10/liput-bentrokanwarga-di-tual-kontributor-tv-tewas-dikeroyok 421
The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan A complex connection: Community newspapers and tiers of social capital By Kristy Hess, Deakin <strong>University</strong>, Australia At a time when newspaper circulations across the globe are plummeting, there is increasing interest in the concept of `local over global' and research linking small newspapers with the `strength of community'. There has been a myriad of definitions on social capital including Coleman, Bourdieu and Putnam which focus on the value of the strength of relationships formed by individuals and groups within communities. While newspaper circulation has been linked to community social capital, little attention has been paid to the way social capital works within the news organisation from those who produce news and information to those who read it. Given the complexity and multiplicity of the sociology of news production, this paper examines the role of organisational social capital in this process and argues Ronald Burt's theory of 'structural holes' (1997) may be an appropriate theoretical lens through which to consider this. INTRODUCTION “… a great number of men who wish or who want to combine cannot accomplish it because as they are very insignificant and lost amid the crowd. The newspaper (brings) them together and the newspaper is still necessary to keep them united” - de Toqueville (1840) There is nothing more valuable to a journalist than his or her contact book, it is a prized possession (Fleming 2006, p. 14) A newspaper relies on its social connections to survive. News is a business. Operations in a commercial news room are designed to maximise profits (Mencher 2010) yet a newspaper is also celebrated for its ability to serve as a ‘public good’, disseminating information, bringing people together to facilitate action and serving a vital Fourth Estate function – which considers the press as part of society yet with its own role to scrutinise and check power (Simons 2007, p. 47). In outlining the sociology of news production, (Schudson 1995, p. 15) sees news as a ‘culture’ where the political economy, geography, social systems, and culture interact over a period of time. A newspaper depends on its social networks to meet both its public and private interests, yet the importance and value of these connections as a form of capital within a commercial newspaper is assumed but largely unexamined. Social capital has a long tradition in sociology, politics, economics and anthropology. It has also attracted interest more recently from the knowledge-based economy, with such discussions appearing in academic and popular business literature. (Lesser 2000). There has been a plethora of interest in this field of research and although scholars across different disciplines agree on the significance of relationships as a resource of social action, they lack an agreement on a precise definition on social capital (Yang 2007). This research paper considers the available literature for which to build an appropriate theoretical framework to examine the relationship between social capital and the commercial regional newspaper network, given its economic (private) and democratic (public) functions. Small regional newspapers in Australia are either controlled by major media companies such as Fairfax/Rural Press in Australia or independent media owners who generate considerable income through advertising and cover charges from these publications. 422
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