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The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan news program is aired for 30 minutes that consisting of seven or eight packages of news and commercials. Especially for two news TV station, besides the four news program they also add many other news formats and programs every hour. In addition, each station is also frequently broadcast breaking news if there is an important issue that must be known by audiences. Beside national-based stations, Indonesia has many local stations that broadcast only in limited regions. The local TV stations have news program as well. Almost all stations in Indonesia provide news program for their audience everyday. Furthermore, each station should provide a lot of news packages from various cities in Indonesia. The news packages could come from the big cities or small cities which lie in five big islands or hundreds of middle islands or thousands of small islands. To cover many events in national wide, consequently these national-based stations require many more journalists. Then, every newsroom management has a similar working scheme, namely assigns reporters in Jakarta where the station is located, places the correspondent in several main provinces and hires many contributors who live in many more cities. Reporters and correspondents are formal and permanent journalist who earned professionally by station, while contributors are hired if their news are broadcasted. All news departments open recruitment for news contributors regularly, so recently there are hundreds contributors in Indonesia. The contributors work everyday for hunting and producing news, but they do not get money everyday from their job, because they will get the money if their news packages are aired by the stations. Many news packages are sent by the contributors everyday and the same time many packages are rejected to air by the stations. Therefore, the competition among the contributors is highly competitive. Everyday they are competing with hundreds of other contributors to be able to broadcast the news by presenting the interesting, exclusive, and actual news. Because of the competition, they frequently produce sensational, trivial, and unethical news as well. The consequence of rivalry, they do their job only for fulfilling quantity of news. In conclusion, the growth of the amount of news contributors is not followed by the increase of journalistic qualities. Ideally, the more TV stations broadcast news, the more good information disseminate to the public. The flow of information will be more broadly. This situation will encourage freedom of expression and democracy as well. However, it will run well if TV journalism is also conducted by good and professional journalists. The quality of good journalism can only be reached through the good process of professional journalism. On the other hand, the growth of contributors has increased some problems. The cases that become public attention are, first, there is a picture of pornography in the news which was produced by a contributor, so that TV station was reprimanded by the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (http://www.kpi.go.id/?etats=detail&nid=2081). Second, there is a complaint from the chairman of the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) on violent news (Yudono, 2010). AJI chairman stated that the violent news in a number of television stations has minimal narration, so that audiences were captivated by scenes of violence. Third, there is contributor who was killed while 413
The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan covering clashes between residents on August 2010 (Yunita, 2010), it showed that the contributor did not understand the technique of covering the conflict areas. If journalism is carried out in that conditions continuously, public will lose the golden moment of democracy, because professional journalism is one of the supporting pillars of the establishment of democracy. “Democracy needs the media to provide citizens with good, independent information to function well” (Croteau & Hoynes, 2006, p. 250). This study examined: first, how did the contributors work for TV station?. Second, how did the contributors understand the professionalism of journalistic work? Third, how did the contributors apply the professional principles in journalistic work? The goals of the study are: first, to know the professionalism of the news contributors. Second, to know the contributor’s understanding about professionalism in journalism. Third, to know the application of professionalism principles in journalism work. The study applied case study method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by using in-depth interview method with the news contributors. They were generally assigned as contributors since 3-5 years ago. There were six informants who came from Jakarta and other cities. All informants were men and they were more than 29 years old. Literature Review Journalists are people who work convey information through mass media. According to International Federation of Journalist, “a journalist is one who devotes the greater part of his/her working time to the profession of journalism and who derives from it most of his/her income being employed or working as a freelance” (as cited in Josephi, 2009, p. 143). Many journalist organizations require that if someone wants to be a journalist, so journalism must be a main job (Josephi, 2009, p. 143). If somebody dedicated to journalism and he/she got income from that job, so he/she could be called a journalist. The key is if someone put activity of journalism as the main job, then that person could be categorized as a journalist. Whatever the definition of journalist, according to Josephi, it is focused on the “function and form” of the activities. “The function is defined as the collection, preparation, and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials. Its form is through channels that reach an audience, such as the mass media” (Josephi, 2009, p.143). The following question that frequently asked by people whether journalist is a profession or not? There are many different arguments about the profession of journalist. It is not easy to classify (Tumber & Prentoulis, 2005, p. 58). Meanwhile Weaver (2005) mentioned that journalist was not a clear profession. He argued for his opinion, “first, in most countries journalist themselves do not want to be restricted by having to be licensed as so-called professionals, and second, there is no one distinct educational pathway to becoming a journalist” (Weaver, 2005, p. 165). Meanwhile 414
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(Person) Percentage - Sabanci University Research Database

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