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The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication Osaka, Japan Dependent Variable: Usage Reasons Table 3: Estimated Marginal for Online news websites Online news 95% Confidence Interval websites Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Always .758 .230 .304 1.211 Often .302 .215 -.122 .726 Sometimes .228 .173 -.113 .569 Rarely -.061 .194 -.443 .322 Never -.725 .273 -1.262 -.188 Influence Discussion boards, online news websites and gender were found to have effect on influence. The estimated marginals show that those who “always” (mean = 1.122, Table 4) use online news websites and discussion rooms for political news and information are more likely influenced on their perceptions on political issues and political leaders. The estimated marginals also reveal that males are more influenced by the new media on political issues and leaders than females (Table 5). Dependent Variable: Influence Online news Table 4: Estimated Marginals for Online News Websites websites2 Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound always 1.122 .205 .718 1.526 often .688 .210 .275 1.101 sometimes .248 .166 -.079 .575 rarely -.127 .191 -.504 .250 never -.094 .253 -.592 .405 Table 5: Estimated Marginals for Gender 561
The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication Osaka, Japan Dependent Variable: Influence 95% Confidence Interval Gender Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Female .228 .145 -.058 .515 Male .506 .162 .186 .826 Consumption Gender has significant effect on this Consumption factor. It was found that more males than females have reduced consumption of traditional media and distrust the mainstream media (as shown in Table 6). Furthermore, those who “often” and “sometimes” use mobile (SMS) for political news have reduced consumption of traditional media and have distrust of the mainstream media. Dependent Variable: Consumption Table 6: Marginal Estimates for Gender 95% Confidence Interval Gender Mean Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Female Male -.043 .160 -.359 .274 .231 .176 -.115 .578 Data Reduction: New Media and Democracy Thirteen variables were entered into a factor analysis of principal components using the promax rotation and suppressed at 0.4. The results of this pattern matrix are seen in Table 7. 562
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