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The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication Osaka, Japan Table 7: Pattern Matrix a The new media allows greater freedom for people to express themselves on political issues. .772 The new media has created a forum for people to exchange opinions on political issues. .741 The new media provides space for political discussion. .726 The new media fosters public participation in the process of democracy. .651 The new media would eventually enhance democracy. .615 The new media improves the defects of the traditional media by allowing equal opportunity for airing views. .531 Component Platform Participation Hasty Opinions The new media has led to my greater participation to discuss political issues. .888 New media has led to strengthened political interest in you. .779 Debates and discussions on new media are more exciting and open. .414 The new media is a tool to shout loudly but not rational political discussion. .895 The new media is a tool to vent anger on political dissatisfaction. .718 The pattern matrix (Table 7) shows that there are three factors. The first factor consists of six items concerned with role of the new media as a forum of expression. This factor was named “Platform” The statement that the new media allows greater freedom for people to express themselves on political issues had the highest loading. The second factor was named “Participation.” It had three items. The item with the highest loading was that the new media has led to greater participation to discuss political issues followed by the statement that the new media has led to strengthened political interest and that debates and discussions on new media are more exciting and open. The third factor related to “Hasty Opinions”. The item with the highest loading was that the new media is a tool to shout loudly but not rational political discussion. These three factors were then used as a basis to run regression analysis (Table 8). 563
The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication Osaka, Japan Source Dependent Variable Blogs Discussion rooms Online news websites Social Networks Mobile(SMS) Email Table 8: Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Platform 6.708 4 1.677 1.829 .124 Participation 6.145 4 1.536 1.672 .158 Hasty Opinions 1.300 4 .325 .326 .861 Platform 2.918 4 .730 .796 .529 Participation 4.455 4 1.114 1.212 .307 Hasty Opinions 1.819 4 .455 .455 .768 Platform 4.856 4 1.214 1.324 .262 Participation 10.438 4 2.610 2.840 .025 Hasty Opinions 4.861 4 1.215 1.217 .304 Platform 10.144 4 2.536 2.765 .028 Participation 4.618 4 1.155 1.256 .288 Hasty Opinions 1.950 4 .487 .488 .744 Platform 7.765 4 1.941 2.117 .080 Participation 2.400 4 .600 .653 .625 Hasty Opinions 3.706 4 .927 .928 .448 Platform 2.860 4 .715 .780 .539 Participation 3.011 4 .753 .819 .514 Hasty Opinions 4.529 4 1.132 1.134 .341 Using social networks for political purposes for the Platform factor and using online news websites for political purposes for the Participation factor were significant at 5% respectively. Platform From the regression analysis, it was found that those who access the social network “always” more likely perceived the new media as a platform or space to exchange opinions on politics. Gender was not significant for this factor. Participation Gender and online news websites were statistically significant for this factor. It was found that males (mean = 0.594) had higher levels of participation compared to females (Table 9) while those who “always” (mean = 0.888) access the online news websites for political news and information see the new media has a participatory tool in the process of democracy (Table 10). 564
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