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The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan often influence my relation with my sources (Respondent D, female, newspaper journalist from Apple Daily). 3. Convergence and journalist’s resistance For many journalists and editors working in a convergent newsroom or framework, resistance seems to be inevitable. Even those who agree that convergence is an irresistible trend for media and the news industry show certain actions of resistance to the media organizations’ policy of converging. These resistance actions are not well planned strategies but more like small tactics (De Certeau, 1984) – triggered by an instant thought and are usually unplanned. For instance, one journalist from ETtoday.com says that she does not want to show her boss her skills of using new technologies too much just in case that the management gives her too much work (Respondent H, female, journalist of ETtoday.com). The journalists’ resistance to convergence usually comes from the pressures of time and workloads. Seldom of them in my empirical investigation attributes their negative attitudes to convergence for technological learning. The journalists from the United Daily indicates that his daily work is still focusing on cover and writing stories for the newspaper, producing convergent content such as taking photos or making news clips which depends on time, news topic, and how much material he has. The journalist points out that he has to spend several hours to produce multiple content, which usually influence his normal daily workload. Some stories are presented with multimedia formats that are discarded without consideration of his work time (Respondent A, male, journalist of The United Daily). The journalist’s negative attitudes to convergence are reflected on their news reports. Some journalists merely turn their video camera on and leave it in the press conference spot, and then they go to cover other stories. For those who work under the framework of a cross-media newsroom, cross-promotion policies are contrary to some news workers’ professional codes. They tend to believe that the news should be separated from commercial information. Some journalists and editors also develop certain ‘tactics’ of avoiding the commercial cross-media promotions. For instance, one editor from ETtoday.com indicates that if he finds out that some news reports are related to the in-group business promotion, he usually updates the news with other news reports as quickly as possible. As he says 311
The Asian Media & Mass Communication Conference 2010 Osaka, Japan One of the characteristics of online news is that you can change news very quickly, so I updated some commercial information swiftly or uploaded it during the slack period. On the one hand, I can tell the management level that the news has already been published on the websites, and on the other hand, our readers will not read too much commercial information on our website (respondent M, male, editor of ETtoday.com). Conclusions This paper investigates the relationship between media convergence, news workers’ daily practices and news content in Taiwan. My empirical analysis reports several results. Firstly, media convergence and journalistic practices are more complicated than simply a process of technology adoption in order to apply certain goals of news media. In fact, what is involved is the process of convergence, as the Taiwanese case studies have shown in this paper, which rely more on cultural conflicts and resistances in the newsroom. Secondly, the journalists’ everyday production practices in a convergent environment are largely dependent on what strategies the news companies adopt. In a single integrated newsroom, journalists need to learn multiple skills and act more flexibly and quickly, as Klinenberg (2005) has suggested, while in the cross-media newsroom type of convergence, news workers have focused more on cooperation with members from different media culture backgrounds. Thirdly, no matter what types of media convergence the news media develop, news workers have to face the challenges of increasing workload and new principles of arranging and assembling news stories brought by the convergence culture. However, certain journalists seem to have difficulty to cope with different principles, narratives and story-telling ways of making news. Some multimedia material or stories are thus discarded by news workers due to their deadlines and skill limitations. Fourthly, news reports on the convergent platform are often mixed with journalistic and non-journalistic information because of more and more cross-media and business promotions are embedded into the storyline of news reports. This blurring boundary between news and commercial information should be seen as a crisis for journalism because it seems to give new opportunities for the existing political and economic forces to intervene in the news worker’s everyday practices. 312
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(Person) Percentage - Sabanci University Research Database

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