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160 P. F. Lazarsfeld
has a penetrating and informative entry on Marxist sociology. He too makes the
point that the Marxist heritage is split into a philosophical and empirical trend.
While he is not very explicit, I have the impression that he believes more in a mutual
interpenetration than either Frankfurt or Cologne does.
99. Dialectique et Sociologie, Paris, Flammarion, 1962.
100. I should here like to cite my article on ‘Administrative and Critical Communica-
tions Research: Studies in Philosophy and Social Sciences’, 1941, pp. 2-16, where
I tried to clarify the ideas of critical theory in a specific area. I undertook to spell
out ‘the operations into which critical communication research could be broken
down’. In retrospect, I do not think I was successful.
101. R.PINTO and M. GRAVITZ,
1964, P. 379.
Mithodes des Sciences Sociales, Paris, Librairie Dalloz,
102. M. BROADBECK (ed.), Readings in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences, New York,
Macmillan, 1968.
103. J. PIAGET, Le Structuralisme. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1968, p. 86.
104. 3. GREENBERG, ‘Nature and Use of Linguistic Typologies’, International Journal
of American Linguistics 23 (2), April 1957.
105. See the introduction of E. J. HOBSBAWM to a new translation of MARX’S Pre-
Capitalist Economic Formation, New York, International Publishers, 1965.
106. W. KULA, ‘On the Typology of Economic Systems’, in: The Social Sciences:
Problems and Orientations, op. cit., pp. 108-144.
107. K. A. WITTFOGEL, Oriental Depotism: a Comparative Study of Total Power, New
Haven-London, Yale University Press, 1957.
108. R. COULBORN (ed.)., Feudalism in History, Princeton (N.J.), Princeton University
Press, 1956.
109. The whole topic has been brought to my attention by the Polish Marxist, Professor
Sachs, rather late in the writing of this essay. The complex literature mentioned
here deserves much more detailed scrutiny than I can give it at this moment.
I IO. Parachuted Norwegian saboteurs, hidden in the mountains for many months.
requested a number of books; one of them was Lundberg‘s Social Research. As
mentioned in Section 111, empirical enquiries were frowned upon during the
Stalinist period in the socialist countries. Wherever the thaw set in, such studies
were started immediately, again mainly promoted by younger social scientists.
I I I. G. KISS, ‘History of the Development of Sociology in Hungary from I945’, The
American Sociologist 2 (3), Aug. 1967, p. 142; A. N. J. den HOLLANDER, ‘Sociology
in the Netherlands’, in: Contemporary Sociology in Western Europe and
America (Proceedings of the First International Congress of Social Sciences of
the Luigi Sturzo Institute, Rome, 5-10 September 1967), pp. 485-486; J. VIET,
‘Tendances rkcentes de la recherche sociologique en France’, in: ibid., p. 184;
E. ALLARDT, ‘Scandinavian Sociology’, Social Science Information 6 (4).
Aug. 1967, p. 225; Orientation Ginirale de la Recherche et Sociologie: RPponse de
I’dcadimie des Sciences de I’U.R.S.S. au Questionnaire d’Enqutte sur les Tendances
de la Recherche dans les Sciences de Z‘Homme, UNESCO document SS/3.24I.I/f/I3,
31 January 1967, p. 7.
I 12. See E. NARAGHI, ‘La sociologie et la sociktk en Iran’, Revue Francaise de Sociologie
8 (z), Apr./June 1967, p. 184.
I 13. S. SUMARDIAN, ‘Perkembangan Ilmu Sosiologi di Indonesia’ (the development of
sociology in Indonesia), in: M. MAKAGIANSAR and W. NITISASTRO (eds.), Research
di Indonesia, 1945-1965 (research in Indonesia, I 945-1965), Vol. IV, Economics,
Social and Cultural Sciences, Balai Pustaka, Ministry of National Research of
the Republic of Indonesia, 1965, pp. 349-350.
op. cit. ; Jean DUVIGNAUD, ‘La sociologie maghrkbine’, Cahiers Internationaux
de Sociologie 44, JanJJune 1968, p. 141.
‘Italian Sociology within the Framework of Contemporary Sociolo-
I 14. NARAGHI,
I 15. F. LEONARDI,
gy’, in: Contemporary Sociology ..., op. cit. pp, 52-53.
116. 0. MANDIE, ‘The Present State of Sociology and its Development in Yugoslavia’,