Main trends of research in the social and human ... - unesdoc - Unesco

More documents

Recommendations

Info

714 Eric Trist UNITED STATES. Federal obligations for research in the social sciences (1967) (in f thousands) Agency Basic Applied Total research research Health, Education and Welfare Office of Economic Opportunity Agriculture National Science Foundation Commerce Defense Labor Interior Smithsonian Institution State Department Aeronautics and Space Administration Army Control and Disarmament Peace Corps Tennessee Valley Authority Small Business Administration Federal Trade Commission Veterans’ Administration Federal Home Loan Bank Board Housing and Urban Development Civil Service Commission Civil Aeronautics Board Inter-Governmental Relations Post Office Office of Emergency Planning Federal Aviation Agency Total 54,042 1,200 6,448 20,235 3,239 8,531 2,187 2,587 2,953 1,044 527 96 32 103,121 177,130 35,000 27,953 21,052 18,565 15,958 12,201 3,643 2,953 2,925 1,961 1,900 1,400 727 659 310 297 270 233 200 I53 I45 50 40 16 325,741 ~~~ SOURCE: Federal Funds for Research Development and Other Activities (NSP xv, 66-25), National Science Foundation.*5 and a number of laboratories. It also conducts a massive external programme, awarding fellowships as well as grants, some of which are made overseas. Its Career Investigatorships provide one of the few means through which senior social scientists can, over a number of years, devote themselves wholly to research. Many of the projects supported have been in fundamental research with only indirect bearing on medical problems. Others have been clinically oriented: some in the socio-environmental, others in the psychological, others again in the neuro-physiological field. Though the recent concern of NSF with the social sciences has begun to relieve the necessity, an agency such as NIMH has, faute de mieux, taken on in a partial way the role of a social science research council. A similar partial role has also been carried by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) which throughout the post-war period has fostered fundamental and long-range problem-oriented research in the social sciences. Some of the most significant basic projects in psychology in particular would never have come to fruition without its support.
The organization andfinancing of research 715 36. On the educational side of HEW, a network of 23 educational laboratories and development centres has recently been set up to carry on basic research in close contact with state and local school systerns.3’ These educational laboratories are an analogue of agricultural experimental stations. On the welfare side, programme evaluation has come to the fore as an area requiring systematic research. The expansion of statistical series has made available nation-wide data for new types of ecological and demographic inquiry.I 37. Among the six agencies which distributed $10-100 million in 1967 the newcomer is the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), one of the principal administrative organs of the ‘Poverty Program’. Its move up to second place is an indication of the incipient engagement of American social science with the internal crisis of the society. OEO has already established an Institute for Poverty Research at the University of Wisconsin. Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which appears in the group of agencies contributing less than $I million in 1967, is already moving up to a much higher position, being estimated to fund projects totalling close on $11 million in 1968.’ The establishment of ‘urban laboratories’ in major cities is being considered. The old stager in this group of agencies is the Department of Agriculture whose use over several decades of economics and sociology has stimulated developments in many countries. 38. A domain requiring special comment is ‘foreign area research’. A few years ago ‘Project Camelot’ created a scandal over the use by the Army of social research for what was construed as political purposes in Chile. Since then CIA involvement as a funding source in various projects has been made public. The ensuing debate has led to positive changes. In 1964 the State Department set up a Foreign Area Coordination Research Group (FAR). By 1966 there were 22 participating agencies spending $36,000,000 a year. A conference was arranged by the Behavioral Sciences Division of the National Academy of Sciences/ National Research Council which issued a report in January 1967.~4 This conference established a mechanism through which an open dialogue could take place between agency officials, social scientists and foundation executives to establish principles which would unambiguously distinguish the proper and improper use of social research in relation to foreign policy. The learning process set under way may in time lead to the possibility of carrying out responsible social research in controversial areas. Such endeavours are beginning to be made under international auspices such as those carried out by the UNESCOsponsored European Coordination Centre for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences at Vienna.* * Mention may be made in this context of the Centre for the Analysis of Conflict at University College, London, which contributed analyses to a seminar of diplomats from both sides which played a part, however small, in the de-escalation of the Indonesian-Malaysian confrontation and also led to some new concepts for social science.
Page 1 and 2:
Main trends of research in the soci
Page 3 and 4:
The following disciplines and areas
Page 5 and 6:
Library of Congress Catalog Card Nu
Page 7 and 8:
VI Table of confents CHAPTER m Psyc
Page 9 and 10:
Preface When, at the end of 1962, t
Page 11 and 12:
Preface XI ing out the project and,
Page 13 and 14:
Preface XIII on the heavy responsib
Page 15 and 16:
Preface xv development, fruitfulnes
Page 17 and 18:
Preface xvu understanding, respect
Page 19 and 20:
ANNEX I Non-governmental organizati
Page 21 and 22:
Canagaratnam, P. Caruso, I. Casimir
Page 23 and 24:
Kirschen, E.S. Klaff, H. Koniis, A.
Page 25 and 26:
Schmitz, A. Schnubnell, H. Schnur,
Page 27 and 28:
ANNEX III Extended panel of consult
Page 29 and 30:
xxx Samy Friedman of major trends e
Page 31 and 32:
XXXII Sarny Friedman ‘schools’
Page 33 and 34:
XXXIV Samy Friedman conservatism) i
Page 35 and 36:
XXXVI Samy Friedman only hypotheses
Page 37 and 38:
XXXVIII Samy Friedman is that of th
Page 39 and 40:
XL Samy Friedman and endeavours to
Page 41 and 42:
XLII Samy Friedman era1 description
Page 43 and 44:
XLW Samy Friedman rightly considers
Page 45 and 46:
XLVI Samy Friedman States of Americ
Page 47 and 48:
INTRODUCTION The place of the scien
Page 49 and 50:
The place of the sciences of man in
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Tle place of the sciences of man in
Page 59 and 60:
Theplace of the sciences of man in
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
n e place of the sciences of man in
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
llaeplace of the sciences of man in
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
me place of the sciences of man in
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
m e place of the sciences of man in
Page 103 and 104:
Theplace of the sciences of man in
Page 105 and 106:
CHAPTER I Sociology P. F. LAZARSFEL
Page 107 and 108:
Sociology 63 development. The very
Page 109 and 110:
Sociology 65 survey was undertaken
Page 111 and 112:
Sociology 67 I. Imagery. The though
Page 113 and 114:
Sociology 69 voting turnout than wo
Page 115 and 116:
Sociology 71 wise. Similarly, in th
Page 117 and 118:
Sociology 73 the conduct of its mem
Page 119 and 120:
Sociology 75 writers like Max Weber
Page 121 and 122:
Sociology 77 were the background ag
Page 123 and 124:
Sociology 79 in England has objecti
Page 125 and 126:
Sociology 81 about students who hav
Page 127 and 128:
Sociology 83 leadership is romantic
Page 129 and 130:
Sociology 85 the school system. Par
Page 131 and 132:
Sociology 87 specific cases. Early
Page 133 and 134:
sociology 89 stand the methods by w
Page 135 and 136:
Sociology 91 written text, the size
Page 137 and 138:
Sociology 93 While the idea of role
Page 139 and 140:
Sociology 95 c. Communist countries
Page 141 and 142:
Sociology 97 the sole purpose of in
Page 143 and 144:
He puts his argument as follows: So
Page 145 and 146:
Sociology IOI way, as a directive t
Page 147 and 148:
Sociology 103 sociologists which th
Page 149 and 150:
Sociology 105 ing of values, social
Page 151 and 152:
Sociology 107 g le~els.~9 Others de
Page 153 and 154:
Sociology I 09 But what if the dist
Page 155 and 156:
Sociology I I I In a way, Gouldner
Page 157 and 158:
Sociology I I 3 look at them as iso
Page 159 and 160:
Sociology I I 5 invectives multipli
Page 161 and 162:
Sociology I 17 3. L'ambiguite'diale
Page 163 and 164:
IV. NATIONAL VARIATIONS IN SOCIOLOG
Page 165 and 166:
Sociology I 2 I In developed countr
Page 167 and 168:
Sociology 123 both rapid and uneven
Page 169 and 170:
Sociology 125 So far as East Pakist
Page 171 and 172:
Sociology 127 Latino-americana de C
Page 173 and 174:
Sociology I 29 training exists to p
Page 175 and 176:
Sociology I 3 I The language of soc
Page 177 and 178:
Sociology 133 application. For one,
Page 179 and 180:
Sociology 135 ‘marginal men’ we
Page 181 and 182:
Sociology 137 hensive volumes. New
Page 183 and 184:
Sociology 139 carries about with hi
Page 185 and 186:
Sociology 141 answers to themselves
Page 187 and 188:
Sociology 143 probably become the m
Page 189 and 190:
Sociology I 45 learning by reinforc
Page 191 and 192:
Sociology 147 riage is bound to be
Page 193 and 194:
Sociology 149 tried to get away fro
Page 195 and 196:
Sociology I 5 I the average, these
Page 197 and 198:
Sociology 153 12. Runciman’s chap
Page 199 and 200:
Sociology 155 manism), Moscow, ‘P
Page 201 and 202:
Sociology 157 dealing simultaneousl
Page 203 and 204:
Sociology I 59 Siebeck), 1967; A. L
Page 205 and 206:
Sociology 161 in: Contemporary Soci
Page 207 and 208:
Sociology 163 I 81. A. PAPANASTASIO
Page 209 and 210:
Sociology I 65 230. G. A. DE Vos,
Page 211 and 212:
Political science 167 2. Objectivit
Page 213 and 214:
Political science 169 specializatio
Page 215 and 216:
Political science 171 4. It should
Page 217 and 218:
Political science 173 law and histo
Page 219 and 220:
Political science 1-75 This certain
Page 221 and 222:
Political science I 77 Can one clai
Page 223 and 224:
Political science 179 4. Recent cha
Page 225 and 226:
Political science 181 I. The United
Page 227 and 228:
Political science I 83 3. The Europ
Page 229 and 230:
Political science I 85 culture, now
Page 231 and 232:
Political science 187 regognizable
Page 233 and 234:
Political science I 89 b. Partial t
Page 235 and 236:
Political science 191 2. Area studi
Page 237 and 238:
Political science 193 financial and
Page 239 and 240:
Political science 195 relation with
Page 241 and 242:
Political science 197 competition i
Page 243 and 244:
Political science 199 This is undou
Page 245 and 246:
Political science 201 different ter
Page 247 and 248:
Political science 203 ‘guided dem
Page 249 and 250:
Political science 205 than to resea
Page 251 and 252:
Political science 207 Summary. As f
Page 253 and 254:
Political science 209 means limited
Page 255 and 256:
Political science 21 I effort has b
Page 257 and 258:
Political science 213 eighteenth ce
Page 259 and 260:
Political science 21 5 the work don
Page 261 and 262:
Political science 217 6. Constituti
Page 263 and 264:
Political science 219 our unit of i
Page 265 and 266:
Political science 22 I b. Partial t
Page 267 and 268:
Political science 223 SPIRO, World
Page 269 and 270:
CHAPTER III Psychology JEAN PIAGET
Page 271 and 272:
Psychology 227 the general acceptan
Page 273 and 274:
Psychology 229 from the same view-p
Page 275 and 276:
Psychology 23 I organism to a ‘bl
Page 277 and 278:
PSyChdOgJ’ 233 choice of inputs s
Page 279 and 280:
3. The organicist trend and the rel
Page 281 and 282:
Psychology 237 Lastly, with Fessard
Page 283 and 284:
Psychology 239 derived from heredit
Page 285 and 286:
Psychology 241 the matter of percep
Page 287 and 288:
Psychology 243 common to all indivi
Page 289 and 290:
Psychology 245 11. Before giving an
Page 291 and 292:
Psychology 247 H. Sinclair was able
Page 293 and 294:
Psychology 249 I. In order to under
Page 295 and 296:
Psychology 251 It soon becomes evid
Page 297 and 298:
Psychology 253 ice of a new goal, o
Page 299 and 300:
Psychology 255 ly valid; thus in se
Page 301 and 302:
PSYChOlOgy 257 nothing more than th
Page 303 and 304:
Psychology 259 ed by a second gener
Page 305 and 306:
Psychology 261 said ‘All right, b
Page 307 and 308:
Psychology 263 cence. We had to wai
Page 309 and 310:
Psychology 265 This being the case,
Page 311 and 312:
Psychology 267 relations between pr
Page 313 and 314:
Psychology 269 means of new combina
Page 315 and 316:
Psychology 2 7 I or logical truth i
Page 317 and 318:
Psychology 273 of physics theories
Page 319 and 320:
Psychology 275 of psychology would
Page 321 and 322:
Psychology 277 deaf and dumb, and b
Page 323 and 324:
Psychology 279 ties of a discipline
Page 325 and 326:
Psychology 28 I Gestalt psychologis
Page 327 and 328:
CHAPTER IV Economics INTRODUCTION T
Page 329 and 330:
Economics 285 proved to be so intri
Page 331 and 332:
Economics 287 ic analysis. The depr
Page 333 and 334:
Economics 289 mies as socialism or
Page 335 and 336:
Economics 29 I value. They also res
Page 337 and 338:
Economics 293 in economics against
Page 339 and 340:
Economics 295 There is a great cont
Page 341 and 342:
Economics 297 of economics from soc
Page 343 and 344:
Economics 299 education which the s
Page 345 and 346:
Economics 301 nomics, or to any oth
Page 347 and 348:
Economics 303 fact that the scope a
Page 349 and 350:
Economics 305 The situation in macr
Page 351 and 352:
Economics 307 But how are the accou
Page 353 and 354:
Economics 309 the three, as the cla
Page 355 and 356:
Economics 3 I I tation with reality
Page 357 and 358:
Economics 3 I 3 Account must be tak
Page 359 and 360:
Economics 3 15 and in the long run,
Page 361 and 362:
Economics 3 I 7 to imagine that it
Page 363 and 364:
Economics 3 19 ditional’ and ‘m
Page 365 and 366:
Economics 3 2 I games, the theory o
Page 367 and 368:
Economics 323 the investigation of
Page 369 and 370:
Economics 325 amounts to the same t
Page 371 and 372:
Economics 327 and so on, are assume
Page 373 and 374:
Economics 329 Against this backgrou
Page 375 and 376:
Economics 33 I regularities which r
Page 377 and 378:
Economics 333 distribution is large
Page 379 and 380:
D. Problems of economic planning Ec
Page 381 and 382:
Economics 337 be no active control
Page 383 and 384:
Economics 339 longer any doctrinal
Page 385 and 386:
Economics 341 the sense of being de
Page 387 and 388:
Economics 343 to take an example -
Page 389 and 390:
Economics 345 that he is influenced
Page 391 and 392:
Economics 347 entitled ‘Quantitat
Page 393 and 394:
Economics 349 and 0. HIRSCHMAN. We
Page 395 and 396:
CHAPTER V Demography JEAN BOURGEOIS
Page 397 and 398:
Demography 353 graphic research. It
Page 399 and 400:
Demography 355 accumulation; so muc
Page 401 and 402:
Demography 357 return to this quest
Page 403 and 404:
Demography 359 18. It is believed t
Page 405 and 406:
Demography 361 societies reduce fer
Page 407 and 408:
Demography 363 between the individu
Page 409 and 410:
Demography 365 by biological and so
Page 411 and 412:
Demography 367 hasten to indicate t
Page 413 and 414:
Demography 369 From a consideration
Page 415 and 416:
Demography 371 count, and this brin
Page 417 and 418:
Capital income 61. The income from
Page 419 and 420:
Demography 375 value of such margin
Page 421 and 422:
Demography 311 ulation ill adapted
Page 423 and 424:
Demography 379 electronic computers
Page 425 and 426:
Demography 381 The new audio-visual
Page 427 and 428:
Demography 383 the social group, an
Page 429 and 430:
Demography 385 going to lead us, bu
Page 431 and 432:
Demography 387 body. The increasing
Page 433 and 434:
Demography 389 - the Milbank Memori
Page 435 and 436:
Demography 391 We have already said
Page 437 and 438:
Demography 393 Conference which out
Page 439 and 440:
Demography 395 129. Again in the Un
Page 441 and 442:
Demography 397 b. It has drawn up a
Page 443 and 444:
Demography 399 Let us take the case
Page 445 and 446:
Demography 401 size of family, rura
Page 447 and 448:
Demography 403 155. The Office of P
Page 449 and 450:
Demography 405 population, ‘quasi
Page 451 and 452:
Demography 407 173. This practical
Page 453 and 454:
Demography 409 electronic computers
Page 455 and 456:
Demography 41 I R. COOK, ‘Lethal
Page 457 and 458:
Demography 413 J. R. SEAGRAVE, ‘A
Page 459 and 460:
Demography 415 H. HYRENIUS and I. A
Page 461 and 462:
Demography 417 143. J. MAGAUD, ‘E
Page 463 and 464:
CHAPTER V1 Linguistics ROMAN JAKOBS
Page 465 and 466:
Linguistics 421 of natural sciences
Page 467 and 468:
Linguistics 423 pointed to the deci
Page 469 and 470:
Linguistics 425 various hybrid form
Page 471 and 472:
Linguistics 427 phenomena it functi
Page 473 and 474:
Linguistics 429 many of these topic
Page 475 and 476:
Linguistics 43 I sociocultural prob
Page 477 and 478:
Linguistics 433 results of this lin
Page 479 and 480:
Linguistics 435 Also in the child
Page 481 and 482:
Linguistics 437 ‘The adaptive nat
Page 483 and 484:
Linguistics 439 sequences are equat
Page 485 and 486:
Linguistics 441 him and his discipl
Page 487 and 488:
Linguistics 443 anticipatory model
Page 489 and 490:
Linguistics 445 ful units, namely m
Page 491 and 492:
Linguistics 447 guists, nevertheles
Page 493 and 494:
Linguistics 449 39. DEVORE, I., (ed
Page 495 and 496:
Linguistics 45 I rr4. MACKAY, D. M.
Page 497 and 498:
Linguistics 453 183. WAISMANN, F.,
Page 499 and 500:
Linguistics 455 n’est ni l’agrk
Page 501 and 502:
Linguistics 457 Kruszewski; but in
Page 503 and 504:
Linguistics 459 Saussure followed K
Page 505 and 506:
Linguistics 461 languages of the wo
Page 507 and 508:
Linguistics 463 REVZIN, I. and J. R
Page 509 and 510:
CHAPTER VII General problems of int
Page 511 and 512:
General problems of interdisciplina
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
General problem of interdisciplinar
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559 and 560:
Page 561 and 562:
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Page 571 and 572:
CHAPTER VI11 Mathematical models an
Page 573 and 574:
Mathematical models and methods 531
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
Page 581 and 582:
Page 583 and 584:
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
A aL (525) (-4,Q b (6, -4) (-3, -3)
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Problem-focused research 579 shall
Page 623 and 624:
Problem-focused research 581 The de
Page 625 and 626:
Problem-focused research 583 ceptio
Page 627 and 628:
Problem-focused research 585 cases
Page 629 and 630:
Problem- focused research 5 87 work
Page 631 and 632:
Problem- focused research 5 89 ence
Page 633 and 634:
Problem-focused research 591 invest
Page 635 and 636:
Problem-focused research 593 ... Th
Page 637 and 638:
Problem-focused research 595 Scienc
Page 639 and 640:
Problem-focused research 597 Howeve
Page 641 and 642:
Problem-focused research 599 In ord
Page 643 and 644:
Problem-focused research 601 to pav
Page 645 and 646:
Problem-focused research 603 An exa
Page 647 and 648:
Problem-focused research 605 I. App
Page 649 and 650:
Problem-focused research 607 been a
Page 651 and 652:
Problem-focused research 609 There
Page 653 and 654:
Problem-focused research 61 I again
Page 655 and 656:
Problem-focused research 613 of met
Page 657 and 658:
Problem-focused research 615 the di
Page 659 and 660:
Problem-focused research 617 of del
Page 661 and 662:
Problem-focused research 619 contra
Page 663 and 664:
Problem-focused research 621 field
Page 665 and 666:
Problem-focused research 623 psycho
Page 667 and 668:
Problem-focused research 625 words,
Page 669 and 670:
Problem-focused research 627 There
Page 671 and 672:
Problem-focused research 629 level,
Page 673 and 674:
Problem-focused research 63 I It is
Page 675 and 676:
Problem-focused research 633 buildi
Page 677 and 678:
Problem-focused research 635 method
Page 679 and 680:
Problem-focused research 637 to a g
Page 681 and 682:
Problem-focused research 639 might
Page 683 and 684:
Problem-focused research 641 P. G.
Page 685 and 686:
Problem-focused research 643 gkogra
Page 687 and 688:
CHAPTER X Cr oss-cultur al, cross-
Page 689 and 690:
Cross-cultural, cross-societal and
Page 691 and 692:
N N Cross-cultural, cross-societal
Page 693 and 694:
Page 695 and 696:
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704: Cross-cultural, cross-societal and
Page 725 and 726: NOTES Cross-cultural, cross-societa
Page 733 and 734: CHAPTER XI The organization and fin
Page 735 and 736: The organization and financing of r
Page 751 and 752: The organization andfinancing of re
Page 753: The organization andfinancing of re
Page 763 and 764: UNITED STATES. Federal Science Orga
Page 769 and 770: The organization and jinancing of r
Page 771 and 772: The organization andjnancing of res
Page 779 and 780: BELGIUM. 11. Social research manpow
Page 781 and 782: ' The organization andfinancing of
Page 801 and 802: The organization and jnancing of re
Page 805 and 806:
The organization and financing of r
Page 807 and 808:
Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
The organization andjinancing of re
Page 813 and 814:
Page 815 and 816:
Page 817 and 818:
Page 819 and 820:
Page 821 and 822:
The organization andfinancing of re
Page 823 and 824:
Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Page 829 and 830:
Page 831 and 832:
Page 833 and 834:
Vm. DESCRIBING THE RESOURCE BASE Th
Page 835 and 836:
Page 837 and 838:
Page 839 and 840:
The organization and Jinancing of r
Page 841 and 842:
Page 843 and 844:
Page 845 and 846:
The organization andjinancing of re
Page 847 and 848:
Page 849 and 850:
Page 851 and 852:
The organization andfinancing of re
Page 853 and 854:
8 14 Subject index and sociology, 6
Page 855 and 856:
816 Subject index Law, scientific,
Page 857 and 858:
818 Subject index and economics, XX
show all

Main trends of research in the social and human ... - unesdoc - Unesco

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?